賴山陽《東坡詩鈔》考論

A Research on the Anthology of Sushi’s Poetry Edited by Rai Sanyō

賴山陽編的《東坡詩鈔》出現在反思性靈説的理論背景下,日本漢詩界由推崇“宋三大家”轉爲學習杜甫、韓愈、蘇軾等唐宋詩人,蘇詩選本的編選出現了一個小高潮。《東坡詩鈔》深受《唐宋詩醇》、《宋詩百一鈔》等清代詩歌選本的影響,專選古體詩,選目題材廣泛、藝術風格多樣。其蘇詩批評從“本色”和“正變”兩個維度展開,討論了蘇詩的藝術特質與古詩正體的關係,體現了江户後期日本詩論家對於宋詩特質的思索。《東坡詩鈔》的選目和理論觀點源於明清兩朝,又有雜糅性和本土傾向,需要站在比較的立場上,方能充分發掘它與中國詩學之間的深層次關聯和差異。

Rai Sanyōwas an important sinologist in the late Edo period of Japan.His anthology named Anthology of Sushi’s Poetry consists of two parts:selection and comment,which embodies the editor’s complete poetic comment system.This anthology appeared under the theoretical background of reflection on the“Xingling Theory”.The authors highly praised by poets gradually changed from“the three masters of Song Dynasty”to Du Fu,Han Yu,Su Shi,etc.It occurred a high tide of the compilation of Su Shi’s poetry anthologies.The Anthology of Sushi’s Poetry is deeply influenced by the anthologies of poems compiled in Qing Dynasty,such as Tangsong Shichun and Songshi Baiyichao.This anthology only selected ancient poems,with the extensiveness of the subject matter and artistic style of selecting items.The criticism of Su’s poems starts from two dimensions——“Bense”and“Zhengbian”,and discusses the relationship between the artistic characteristics of Su’s poems and right style of ancient poems,reflecting the poetics’thought about characteristics of Song poetry.The selection and theoretical viewpoints of this anthology originated from the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and it has a mixed and local tendency.We need a deep research from comparative standpoint.