再探卢卡奇总体性思想的展开向度及其逻辑演进

Further Probe Into the Development Direction and Logical Evolution of Lukacs’Totality Thought

青年卢卡奇以总体性思想为核心原则,在《历史与阶级意识》中集中阐述了对马克思主义辩证法的理解。从方法论、认识论、本体论三重向度展开总体性思想,其意蕴在于廓清作为方法论本质的总体性与物化意识、作为认识论原则的总体性与阶级意识、作为本体论表征的总体性与实践哲学的演进逻辑。总体性作为历史辩证法的方法论本质,是被严格限定在历史范畴内的总体性,意在弥合历史主客体之间的同一趋势。以总体性为原则的认识论,其本质是关于历史领域的认知,蕴含着生成总体性的阶级意识的动力。卢卡奇以总体思维范式的转化重构马克思主义本体论,形成了历史主客体统一的关系本体论。卢卡奇的总体性思想作为其哲学认识论、方法论与本体论的高度统一,对其深入考察是呈现出卢卡奇青年时期较为完整的思想谱系的关键。

Taking the totality thought as the core principle,young Lukacs concentrated on his understanding of Marxist Dialectics in history and class consciousness.From the three dimensions of methodology,epistemology and ontology,the idea of totality is to clarify the totality and materialization consciousness as the essence of methodology,the totality and class consciousness as the principle of epistemology,the totality as the representation of ontology and the logic of the evolution of practical philosophy.As the methodological essence of historical dialectics,totality is strictly limited to the historical category,which is intended to bridge the same trend between historical subjects and objects.The essence of epistemology,which takes totality as the principle,is cognition in the field of history,which contains the power to generate totality class consciousness.Lukacs reconstructed Marxist ontology with the transformation of overall thinking paradigm,forming a relational ontology with the unity of historical subject and object.Lukacs’totality thought,as the high unity of his philosophical epistemology,methodology and ontology,is the key to presenting a relatively complete ideological pedigree of Lukacs’youth.