3-6岁幼儿身体活动水平及影响因素研究

Study on Physical Activity Level and Influence Factors of Children Aged 3—6 Years

运用客观测量手段监测3-6岁幼儿身体活动水平,探究个体特征、家庭环境、幼儿园与幼儿身体活动水平的相关性。选取嘉兴市两所一类幼儿园,采用分层随机抽样的方法选取大、中、小班幼儿共计80名,采集幼儿个体特征、家庭环境、幼儿园信息;运用WGT3X-BT加速度计以15s的计数(counts)反映活动强度变化,分析幼儿身体活动全天平均计数、园内身体活动平均计数及全天MVPA时间百分比的特征及变化规律;采用Logistic回归法探讨个体特征、家庭环境、幼儿园与幼儿身体活动水平的相关性。结果表明:(1)幼儿全天身体活动中SB、LPA、MVPA分别占73.6%、15.6%、10.8%,园内身体活动水平分别占57%、24.8%、18.2%。(2)不同性别、父母体育生活方式、幼儿园及是否早产的幼儿身体活动全天平均计数、园内身体活动平均计数及MVPA时间百分比均存在显著性差异。其中男幼儿大于女幼儿,足月生幼儿明显大于早产幼儿。(3)性别、早产史、父母体育生活方式、幼儿园四个自变量分别解释了幼儿身体活动全天平均计数、园内身体活动平均计数及MVPA时间百分比44.7%、29.1%和65.2%的变异量。得出结论:幼儿在全天或园内身体活动中以静态行为为主,但幼儿每日中大强度身体活动已达到不少于60分钟的推荐量;性别、早产史、父母体育生活方式、幼儿园是预测幼儿身体活动水平的重要指标。

Objective: The article uses objective measurement to monitor the daily physical activity level of 3-6-year-old preschool children, and explore the correlation between individual characteristics, family environment, kindergarten and preschool children’s physical activity level. Methods: A total of 80 preschool children from 2 first-class kindergartens in Jiaxing were selected by stratified random sampling to collect information on individual characteristics, family environment, kindergarten, and WGT3 X-BT accelerometer was used to reflect the changes of activity intensity by counting counts of 15 s. The characteristics and changing rules of daily average count of physical activity, average count of physical activity in kindergarten and percentage of MVPA time were analyzed;Logistic regression method was used to explore the correlation among individual characteristics, family environment, kindergarten and children’s physical activity level. Results:(1) SB, LPA and MVPA accounted for 73.6%, 10.8% and 15.6% respectively, and the physical activity level of each grade in the kindergarten accounted for 57%, 18.2% and 24.8% respectively;(2) there were significant differences in the average daily count of physical activity, the average count of physical activity and the percentage of MVPA time between different sexes, parents’ physical lifestyle, kindergartens and premature infants. Among them, the male infants were larger than the female infants, and the full-term infants were significantly larger than the premature infants;(3) four independent variables, sex, history of premature delivery, parents physical lifestyle, and kindergarten, accounted for 44.7% of daily average counts of physical activity, average counts of physical activity in kindergarten and the percentage of MVPA time, respectively, 29.1% and 65.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Preschool children are dominated by sedentary behaviors throughout the day or in the kindergarten, but moderate to vigorous physical activity for preschool children in daily have reached the recommended amount of not less than 60 minutes;sex, premature birth history, parents’ physical lifestyle, kindergarten are important indicators to predict children’s physical activity level.