从“脱贫”到“振兴”:构建发展型乡村振兴社会政策

From“Poverty Alleviation”to“Rural Revitalization”:Building a Development-Oriented Rural Revitalization Social Policy

从大规模开发式扶贫到新时期脱贫攻坚,国家逐步回归乡村社会福利及公共服务供给者的角色,乡村社会政策也由依附于经济政策走向与经济政策并行发展。然而脱贫攻坚时期所构筑的社会政策体系仍面临“临时性”与“碎片化”、“过渡性”与“衔接性”,以及福利身份区隔的挑战。为实现“脱贫攻坚”与“乡村振兴”的有效衔接,需完善发展型社会政策体系,以积极兜底、普惠发展的社会政策全面惠及三农;以包容发展、多元参与的理念推动乡村综合发展;以整合性与一体化的思维助力乡村全面振兴。迈向发展型乡村振兴的社会政策,需要处理好城乡融合与一体化、乡村振兴中的农民主体性、小农户的社会支持等关键问题。

From large-scale poverty alleviation to poverty alleviation in the new era,China has gradually returned to its role as a provider of rural social welfare and public services.Rural social policies have also turned from dependence on economic policies to parallel development with economic policies.However,the social policy system established in the era of poverty alleviation still faces many challenges.Improving the social policy system is necessary to benefit agriculture,rural areas,and farmers.Several goals need to be accomplished to establish a development-oriented social policy in the context of rural revitalization:the integration of urban and rural areas,the arousal of farmers’subject consciousness on rural revitalization,and the social support for farmers.