我国民事诉讼调解政策的历史变迁与演进逻辑——基于历史制度主义分析

Historical Changes and Evolutionary Logic of National Civil Litigation Mediation Policy:Based on Historical Institutionalist Analysis

民事诉讼调解政策对民事诉讼调解制度的建构目标与运行方向具有决定性的指引作用,深度认知我国民事诉讼调解政策的历史变迁与演进逻辑是民事诉讼调解研究的重要论题。历史制度主义视角下,民事诉讼调解政策经历了“调解为主”“着重调解”“自愿合法调解”“调判结合”“调解优先,调判结合”“调判结合”六个历史时期。民事诉讼调解政策的演进深受民事司法制度与社会整合机制构成的制度结构的影响,民事司法制度改革调整了民事诉讼调解制度适用空间,社会整合机制转型改变了民事诉讼调解解纷资源配置方式。同时,受政策调整成本、学习效应、协同效应以及适应性预期的影响,民事诉讼调解政策演进过程中表现出明显的路径依赖。此外,社会矛盾纠纷状况变化带来的外部环境压力变化、党和法院不同时期工作目标的转换以及司法理念更替构成了民事诉讼调解政策演进的动力机制。

The mediation policy of civil litigation has a decisive role in guiding the construction goal and operation direction of the civil litigation mediation system,and an in-depth understanding of the historical changes and evolutionary logic of China's civil litigation mediation policy is an important topic in the study of civil litigation mediation.Under the perspective of historical institutionalism,the civil litigation mediation policy has experienced"mediation-oriented","mediation-focused","voluntary and legal mediation","mediation-judgment combination","Mediation Priority,mediation-judgment combination",and"mediation-judgment combination".The evolution of China's civil litigation mediation policy is influenced by the institutional structure of the civil justice system and the social integration mechanism,the civil justice system reform adjusts the application space of the civil litigation mediation system,and the transformation of the social integration mechanism changes the allocation of resources for civil litigation mediation.At the same time,influenced by the cost of policy adjustment,learning effect,synergistic effect and adaptive expectations,the evolution of civil litigation mediation policy shows obvious path dependence.In addition,changes in external environmental pressures brought about by changes in the status of social conflicts and disputes,shifts in the work goals of the Party and the courts at different times,and changes in judicial philosophy constitute the driving mechanisms for the evolution of civil litigation mediation policy.