《考工记》先秦工匠设计思想的当代建构

Research on the Contemporary Construction of the Pre-Qin Craftsman's Design Ideas in Artificers'Record

《考工记》是记载先秦百工之事的设计典籍,完备地记载了彼时先秦齐国的生产技术,建构了一套成体系的工匠考核与管理制度,呈现出瑰丽的先秦工匠文化,是我国先秦时代工匠设计思想的集大成者。文章旨在剖析《考工记》的工匠设计思想,为建构当代工匠文化体系提供有益启示。从研究概述、工匠设计思想阐释、工匠设计思想的当代建构、工匠设计思想的当代价值这四个维度出发,对《考工记》展开研究。作为当代工匠体系建构的重要理论范式,《考工记》提出了“天人合一的工匠理念”“制器尚象的工匠思想”“严谨合理的工匠制度”这3个工匠设计思想,可映射为人与环境的圆融统一、人与物的语义共通、人与人的有序合作这3个当代设计维度,对于建构当代工匠文化体系具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。

Artificers’ Record is a document that records the work content of craftsmen in the pre-Qin era. It completely records the production technology of the state of Qi in the pre-Qin era, and builds a rich and complete set of craftsman assessment and management systems, showing the craftsman culture of the pre-Qin era. Artificers’ Record is the essence of the design thinking of the craftsmen in the pre-Qin era in my country. This article aims to analyze the craftsman’s design thought in Artificers’ Record, and to provide useful ideas for constructing the cultural system of contemporary craftsmen. In order to study the craftsman’s design thought in Artificers’ Record, this article includes four dimensions: research overview, interpretation of artisan design thinking, contemporary construction of craftsman design thinking, and contemporary value of craftsman design thinking. As an important theoretical sample for the construction of the contemporary craftsman system, Artificers’ Record proposes three craftsman’s design concepts with great philosophical connotation: “the idea of craftsmen that people and the environment live in harmony ”, “the idea of craftsmen showing the design philosophy with products”, and “a rigorous and reasonable craftsman system ”. These three design ideas of craftsmen can further correspond to three contemporary design ideas: the harmony and unity between people and the environment, the common feelings between people and objects, and the orderly cooperation between people. This has important theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of contemporary craftsman cultural system.