欧盟共同农业政策2023—2027:改革与启示

EU Common Agricultural Policy 2023-2027:Reforms and Implications

原本应最晚于2020年出台的欧盟共同农业政策(CAP)2021—2027迟迟未能出台,最终于2021年年底出台了CAP 2023—2027(新CAP)。本文对新CAP进行了系统梳理,构建了新CAP的全景图,并对各项改革措施与2014—2020年的措施进行了对比,分析了改革的原因及其可能产生的影响。总体来看,新CAP保留了第一支柱(市场支持和直接支付)和第二支柱(农村发展)的框架,在全球农产品市场波动加剧的背景下,本次改革增加了对市场支持的预算,加大了对中小农场的支持和对生态保护的支持,农村发展则由各成员国自主设计项目,但需经过欧盟审批才可获得资金,首次将促进农村地区发展的主动权交给了各成员国。在此基础上,本文分析了新CAP改革给中国农业政策制定带来的启示,并提出了相关建议。

The EU Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)2021-2027, which was supposed to be released no later than 2020, has not been released, and finally CAP2023-2027(new CAP) has been released at the end of 2021. This paper systematically sorts out the new CAP, builds a panorama of CAP support, compares the various reform measures with the measures between 2014 and 2020, and analyzes the reasons for the reform and its possible impact. Overall, the new CAP retains the first pillar(market support and direct payment) and the second pillar(rural development). In the context of increased volatility in the global agricultural market, the reform has increased the budget for market support. The support for small and medium-sized farms and ecological protection has been increased, while the rural development projects are independently designed by each member state, and for the first time the initiative to promote the development of rural areas has been handed over to each member state. On this basis, the paper analyzes the reform brought to us by new CAP, and puts forward relevant suggestions.