中国农业气象观测自动化技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Agrometeorological Automatic Observation in China

农业气象观测是我国农业气象业务服务的基础,目前我国已从人工观测到利用卫星、无人机、近地面摄像机、机器学习等先进设备及技术手段在农作物生长状况、土壤墒情、农业小气候等方面开展自动化观测,在空间维度和时间维度上增加了观测的覆盖度及频次,有效支撑现代农业的发展。分析我国农业气象自动化观测的发展历程、现状及存在问题,探索未来发展方向和面临的挑战,提出构建农业气象智能化观测网络,发展星-空-地协同观测体系等建议,为推进我国农业气象观测自动化发展提供参考。

Agrometeorological observation is the basis for agrometeorological service in China.At present,manual observation has been replaced by the use of advanced equipment and technologies,such as satellite remote sensing,unmanned aerial vehicles,near-surface cameras and machine learning.They have been applied in the automatic observation of crop growth,soil moisture and agricultural microclimate.These improvements have increased the observation coverage and frequency from both spatial and temporal dimensions,and have effectively supported the development of modern agriculture.This paper analyzes the development process,current situation and existing problems of agrometeorological automatic observation in China,and investigates the future directions and challenges.In addition,suggestions on the construction of smart agrometeorological observation network and the establishment of satellite-space-ground cooperative observation system are proposed so as to provide references for the development of agrometeorological automatic observation in China.