赞比亚卢安夏盆地巴鲁巴铜氧化矿石工艺矿物学特征及对比研究

Study on Process Mineralogy of Oxidized zone at Luanshya Baluba Copper Deposit, Zambia

巴鲁巴铜氧化矿床位于赞比亚卢安夏盆地内,矿体主要赋存层位为下罗恩群RL6,为了解矿石特性对选冶的影响,本文利用化学分析、光学显微鉴定、X射线扫面电镜能谱分析、物相分析等方法,对该矿床的氧化带铜矿石工艺特性进行研究,结果显示:矿石矿物主要有硅孔雀石、黑铜矿、假孔雀石、孔雀石、水胆矾;铜矿石以结合氧化铜为主。筛析试验显示:矿石中含Cu矿物的可磨性优于含Co矿物、更易于破碎,应考虑制定分级分选;矿石中含有黑云母、白云母、绿泥石等易碎易磨矿物,在实际选别工艺中需进行磨矿试验,减少过磨泥化对浸出的影响。综合对比麻希巴、罗恩延长部及巴鲁巴西氧化带铜矿石工艺矿物学特征,表明影响原矿石Cu回收的工艺矿物学因素有:矿石中结合氧化铜相占比较高,可能增加酸耗或影响矿石回收率;氧化铜矿物嵌布关系较为复杂,可能阻碍氧化铜矿物与酸发生反应,增加浸出难度;矿石中以脉状构造、交代残余结构为主,导致脉石矿物中的Cu及硫化铜中的Cu在湿法冶金回收铜的过程中无法同时回收利用;脉石矿物中含有黑云母、方解石、绿泥石、高岭石等耗酸易碎或粘性较大的矿物,影响浸出效果。

Baluba deposit is a typical oxide copper deposit in the luanshya metallogenic basin of Zambia which has the characteristic of oxidation-sulfide ore zoning.The ore bodies are mainly found in the argillaceous Slate of RL6 the lower roan group.In order to understand the effect of smelting process,this article use chemical analysis,optical microscopic identification,X-ray scanning electron microscopy and phase analysis methods.The results show that:Ore minerals are mainly silicon malachite,black copper,false malachite,malachite,water barium alum;Copper ore is dominated by bonded copper oxide.Sieve analysis tests show that:the grindability of Cu minerals is better than that of Co minerals,and it is easier to be broken.The ore contains biotite,Muscovite,chlorite and other fragile minerals,so grinding test should be carried out in the actual separation process to reduce the influence of overgrinding on leaching.A comprehensive comparison of the process mineralogy characteristics of the copper ores in Maxiba,Rohenyanchang and Baruba Oxidation zone shows that the process mineralogy factors affecting the recovery of Cu from the primary ore are as follows:high proportion of copper oxide phase in the ore may increase acid consumption or affect the recovery of ore;The distribution relationship of copper oxide minerals is complicated,which may hinder the reaction between copper oxide minerals and acid and increase the difficulty of leaching.The ore is mainly composed of vein-like structure and metasomatic residual structure,which results in that Cu in gangue mineral and Cu in copper sulfide cannot be recovered and utilized simultaneously in the process of copper recovery by hydrometallurgy.Gangue minerals contain biotite,calcite,chlorite,kaolinite and other minerals with high acid consumption and breakability or high viscosity,which affect the leaching effect.