地权界定方式与劳动力非农转移效应——从常规确权到整合确权的准实验比较分析

Methods of Defining Land Property and the Effect of Rural Labor Off-farm Migration:Comparative Analysis of Quasi-Experiment from Conventional Land Titling to Land Consolidation Titling

区别于强调地权“是否”界定的主流研究,本文关注地权“如何界定”的经济影响效应。以农地常规确权、整合确权方式对劳动力转移影响的理论分析和数理模型分析为基础,提出研究假说;并利用广东省阳山县一套独特的准实验数据,选用DID、PSM-DID等模型评估了两种确权方式的劳动力转移效应。研究表明:(1)相比于常规确权方式,整合确权方式具有更显著的劳动力非农转移效应,转移率提高了5.2个百分点,且流动地域范围更广,显著促进劳动力的县外转移。(2)异质性影响分析表明,整合确权方式更显著地促进了高受教育程度、强社会关系网络农户劳动力的县外非农转移,但对不同年龄结构劳动力的县内、县外非农转移具有异质性影响。(3)作用机制分析表明,整合确权主要通过提高农业服务外包程度促进农户非农转移,是完全中介。这些发现表明,不同地权界定方式蕴含不同的经济影响及其后果,揭示了地权“如何”界定的重要性,强调政策制定者应对产权界定方式给予更广泛的重视。

Unlike mainstream literature that emphasizes whether the land property is defined,we focus on the economic impact of how to define land property.After analyzing the effect of“conventional land titling”and“land consolidation titling”on labor migration by theory and mathematical model,we proposed two hypotheses.Then,based on the quasi-experiment data of Yangshan county,Guangdong,using the DID and PSM-DID model to evaluate the labor migration effect of two land titling methods.The results show that:(1)Compared with conventional land titling,land consolidation titling has a more significant influence on labor off-farm migration,increasing the migration rate by 5.2%,which significantly promotes labor to migrate outside the county.(2)Land consolidation titling promotes the off-farm migration of rural household labor with high education and strong social networks.Still,it has a heterogeneous impact on the laborers of different ages to migrate within and outside the county.(3)Land consolidation titling mainly improves farmers’off-farm migration by increasing agricultural service outsourcing which is a full mediation effect.This evidence indicates that different ways of defining land property contain different economic impacts and consequences.How to define land property is important,and policymakers should pay more attention to the ways of defining property.