农地流转、劳动力转移对农户收入及收入差距的影响——基于全国4省农户调查数据

Effects of Farmland Transfer and Off-farm Employment on Farm Households’Income and Income Inequality:Based on the Survey Data from Four Provinces

持续稳定推进农村农户家庭增收减贫是目前中国社会经济发展进程中需要解决的重大战略问题。本文利用江苏、江西、辽宁和重庆4省1248户农户的实地调查数据,运用工具变量法、OLS模型、分位数回归方法,分析了农地流转、劳动力转移对农户家庭收入水平、收入差距的影响。研究表明,转入农地、转出农地、当地非农务工和外出非农务工对农户人均总收入水平具有正向影响,不同农地流转、劳动力转移的增收机制存在差异。同时,转入农地、当地非农务工和外出非农务工有助于缩小农户之间收入差距,而转出农地不具有缩小农户之间收入差距的作用。现阶段,农户参与农地流转和劳动力转移对改善农户家庭收入、全面实现乡村经济振兴、有效巩固农村脱贫成果具有重要积极意义。

Continuous increase in farm households’income and the steady reduction of poverty are the major issues in the process of China’s social and economic development.Based on the field survey data of 1248 households in Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Liaoning,and Chongqing,this paper applies an instrumental variable approach,ordinary least squares regressions,and quantile regressions to estimate the impact of farmland transfer and off-farm employment on farm households’income and income inequality.Results indicate that renting-in land,renting-out land,local off-farm employment,and migration have a positive impact on farm households’total income,but their influencing mechanisms are different.Moreover,renting-in land,local off-farm employment,and migration can alleviate farm households’income inequality,while renting-out land cannot.Thus,it is indicated that farmland transfer and off-farm employment are of great significance at the present stage in increasing farm households’income,realizing rural revitalization,and consolidating the achievements of poverty reduction.