部省合建高校的办学定位研究——基于财政分权理论的分析

Researchonthe Development and Orientation of Universities Jointly Built by Provinces and Ministries Under the Theory of Fiscal Decentralization

部省合建高校是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,研究其办学定位意义重大。现有研究存在仅考虑高校、未考虑其他相关主体以及办学定位停留于定性描述、缺乏经验证据支撑两方面问题。本文基于财政分权理论,借助分权工具,构建了操作性强的大学定位分析框架,提出了中央高校和地方高校应有定位。部省合建高校的定位则介于中央高校和地方高校之间,平衡与兼顾是其核心特征。本文还对比了部省合建高校实际建设中各方资源投入与办学定位间的匹配程度,探讨现有资源投入能否支撑得起合建高校的定位与职能。实证分析发现,政策资源目前基本可以匹配合建高校的办学定位,但经费支持资源和对口支持资源则存在缺口,目前难以支撑合建高校达到其应有的办学定位。

Universities Jointly Built by Provinces and Ministries are an important part of higher education in China,and it is significant to study their orientation. There are two problems in the existing research,namely,only considering universities but not other related subjects and the positioning of university operation stays in qualitative description and lacks empirical evidence support. Based on the theory of Fiscal Decentralization and with the help of decentralization tools,this paper constructs an operative analysis framework of university positioning and proposes the proper positioning of central universities and local universities. The positioning of universities jointly built by ministries and provinces is between central universities and local universities,and balancing and reconciliationis their core features. This paper also compares the degree of matching between the resources input and the positioning of the universities in the actual construction of the universities jointly built by ministries and provinces,and explores whether the existing resources input can support the positioning and functions of the universities jointly built. The empirical analysis finds that the policy resources can basically match the orientation of the joint universities;however,there are gaps in the financial support resources and counterpart support resources,and it is difficult to support the joint universities to reach their proper orientation now.