“X长”与“X员”不对称现象探析

On the Asymmetry between“X Zhang(长)”and“X Yuan(员)”

对“X长”与“X员”存在的不对称现象进行考察。首先,从形式对称与形式不对称两个角度描写构词中不对称现象,并从类词缀虚化程度和表示复数的能力出发描写句法中的不对称现象。然后,从语义源流以及认知理论的理想化认知模型和凸显原则的角度出发对不对称现象进行解释,其中滞留语义特征来源不同是造成不对称现象的根本原因。

The asymmetry between“X Zhang(长)”and“X Yuan(员)”is investigated.First of all,the asymmetry in word formation is described from the perspectives of formal symmetry and formal asymmetry,and the asymmetry in syntax is described from the degree of virtual affixes and the ability to express plurals.Then,the asymmetry is explained from the perspective of semantic source,the idealized cognitive model and salience principle of cognitive theory,and the different sources of retained semantic features are the fundamental reasons for the asymmetry.