农村电商如何实现长效脱贫?——ICT赋能的可行能力视角

How Can Rural E-commerce Achieve Long-term Poverty Alleviation?The Feasible Capability Perspective of ICT Empowerment

“十四五”规划时期是乡村振兴和脱贫攻坚有效衔接的过渡期,需要把脱贫攻坚的一些政策、体制机制顺利地转成乡村振兴的政策和体制机制,实现二者有效衔接;转换过程中,建立起解决相对贫困的长效机制,是“十四五”时期乡村振兴的一项重要内容。电子商务作为特殊的ICT应用,在我国精准扶贫中发挥了重要的减贫脱贫作用。随着ICT向数字技术转化升级,电子商务的减贫脱贫作用也相应地向长效脱贫转变。本文采用案例研究方法,探索和分析贫困群体如何通过ICT赋能获得ICT可行能力,农村电商如何通过提高贫困群体的ICT可行能力实现长效脱贫的问题。研究发现,ICT通过授权和传授知识来增强农村电商生态系统的参与主体的能力,形成ICT可行能力,并使BOP群体得以通过经济收入增加、生计方式的自由改进实现减贫。互联网的赋能是BOP群体掌握ICT的基本途径;ICT的升级迭代使得BOP群体的ICT可行能力也在赋能系统的支持下,沿着能力阶梯持续增长,进入到下一轮经济收入增加、生计策略改进和内生能力持续增长的循环。这样,ICT可行能力作为内在推动力量,使得农村电商的发展持续地促进了减贫,从而实现长效脱贫。依靠电商平台、社会企业、政府组织的外部赋能是其ICT可行能力形成及升级的主要方式;构建面向BOP群体乃至于整个农村地区的ICT技能普及体系,持续提高BOP群体ICT可行能力是促进农村电商长效脱贫的必要手段。

The 14th Five-Year Plan period is a transition period for the effective connection between rural revitalization and poverty alleviation.It is necessary to smoothly transform some policies and institutional mechanisms for poverty alleviation into policies and institutional mechanisms for rural revitalization to achieve an effective connection between the two.A long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty is an important part of rural revitalization during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.As a special ICT application,e-commerce has played an important role in poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation in our country.With the transformation and upgrading of ICT to digital technology,the role of e-commerce in poverty alleviation has also shifted to long-term poverty alleviation.This paper adopts case study methods to explore and analyze how can poor groups obtain ICT feasibility through ICT empowerment and how can rural e-commerce achieve long-term poverty alleviation by improving the ICT feasibility of poor groups.The study found that ICT empowers and imparts knowledge to enhance the capacity of participants in the rural e-commerce ecosystem,forms feasible ICT capabilities,and enables BOP group to reduce poverty through increased economic income and free improvement in livelihoods.The empowerment of the Internet is the basic way for the BOP group to master ICT.With the upgrade and iteration of ICT,the ICT feasible capacity of BOP group will continue to grow along the capacity ladder with the support of the empowerment system,thus entering into the next round of cycle of economic income increase,livelihood strategy improvement and endogenous capacity continuous growth.In this way,the ICT feasibility serves as an internal driving force,enabling the development of rural e-commerce to continuously promote poverty reduction,thereby achieving long-term poverty alleviation.Relying on the external empowerment of e-commerce platforms,social enterprises,and government organizations are the main ways to form and upgrade their ICT feasible capabilities.Constructing an ICT skills popularization system for BOP group and even the entire rural area,and continuously improving the ICT capabilities of BOP group are necessary means to promote the long-term poverty alleviation of rural e-commerce.