深圳创新:解释的视角

Shenzhen Innovation:An Interpretive Perspective

深圳创新的实体性描述是:拥有全国领先的专利,特别是PCT国际专利;有国际影响力竞争力的创新公司;有超过2万家的国家高新技术企业;有蓬勃发展并在经济总量中占主导地位的新经济等。深圳创新的特征,表现为一个“熊彼特式创新”。即新创意、新方法、新资源、新组织、新市场的商业化实现,生产要素的新的组合或建立起一种新的生产函数。原深圳科技局副局长周路明先生对深圳创新现象作出了一种解释:即一线技术公司的进化,其实跟国家的科技布局没有太大关系,跟科研系统年复一年的科技突破没什么关系,主流的创新理论用科技成果转化来叙事与深圳的实践也不相符合。深圳创新来源于改革开放以来社会主义市场经济体制的形成和市场化过程的发展。这虽然是一个有深刻洞见的解释,但还需要丰富和深化。近年来,演化经济学被一些学者用来解释复杂的经济事象。即以生物学隐喻分析复杂经济结构及其演化的因果关系。深圳创新的出现和发展,改革开放和市场化固然是重要的,甚至是关键的,但观念的变革,开放和全球化的作用,信息技术的发展也都是不可或缺的。深圳创新其实是多要素交互,多条件组合,多原因作用的产物,是一个多元素共同作用的总体模式。

Shenzhen’s innovation is not about scientific discovery and subversive technology,it is a kind of economic innovation,focusing on the commercial application and marketization of innovative ideas,new technologies,new methods,new resources,etc.Shenzhen’s innovation occurred in the process of China’s economic reform and open up,and some scholars interpret it with the theory of socialist market economy.But the dilemma of market theory is that it fails to explain why there are so few innovative regions,compared to the number of regions practicing market economy.The theory of evolutionary economics,or “biological metaphor,” emphasizes the emergence and evolution of elements in organic phenomena.As an economic phenomenon,the innovation in Shenzhen can be regarded as the product and evolution process of emergence,aggregation and interaction of multi-elements under certain historical circumstances.Therefore,it is a new theoretical analysis and expression to interpret Shenzhen’s innovation with the theory of evolutionary economics.