基于江河水量分配方法的黄河“八七”分水方案调整问题探讨

Discussion on Adjustment of Water Allocation Scheme in 1987 of Yellow River Based on Water Allocation Method

黄河“八七”分水方案的实施对推动流域水资源有效管控、平衡流域内各省(区)用水需求、支撑经济社会可持续发展、维持流域生态环境健康起到积极作用。随着黄河流域下垫面条件、水沙形势、流域用水结构和供水格局的显著变化,关于黄河“八七”分水方案的调整问题受到各方关注。按照江河流域水量分配原则,全面考虑单指标综合的水量分配法、基于赋权的TOPSIS分配法以及“八七”分水方案确定的分水比例,最终得到各省(区)较为合理的水量分配结果。对比“八七”分水方案,青海、陕西、河南、山东的分水量有所增加,甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、山西、河北、天津的分水量有所减小,分配的水量与各省(区)的用水需求和重点发展方向密切相关。江河流域水量分配方法在黄河“八七”分水方案调整中的适用性研究结果,可为黄河流域水量分配的调整提供借鉴。

The implementation of the Yellow River Water Allocation Scheme(“Scheme 1987”)plays a positive role in promoting the effective management and control of water resources in the basin,balancing the water demand of various provinces and regions in the basin,supporting the sustainable economic and social development,and maintaining the health of the ecological environment in the basin.With the significant changes of underlying surface conditions,water and sediment situation,water use structure and water supply pattern in the Yellow River Basin,the adjustment of the“Scheme 1987”has attracted the attention of different parties.According to the principles of water allocation,the water allocation proportion of the single-index comprehensive allocation method,TOPSIS allocation method based on weighting,and the“Scheme 1987”was considered comprehensively and the reasonable amount of water allocation was obtained.Compared with“Scheme 1987”,the amount of water allocation of Qinghai Province,Shaanxi Province,Henan Province and Shandong Province was increased,while that of Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Shanxi Province,Hebei Province and Tianjin was decreased.The amount of water allocation was closely related to water demand and key development directions in each region.The applicability of water allocation method in the adjustment of the“Scheme 1987”was studied in order to provide reference for the adjustment of water allocation in the Yellow River Basin.