海绵机场低影响开发设施设计及效果评价

Facilities Design and Effect Evaluation of Low Impact Development of Sponge Airport

根据国内外海绵城市、海绵机场建设理论与成效,探讨了海绵机场建设的原则和目标,针对我国不同分区的实际情况设计了适宜不同地区机场的低影响开发(LID)设施,并以某机场为例,基于SWMM模型验证LID设施的雨洪控制效果。结果表明:建设LID设施后,机场径流总量削减率和峰值流量削减率最大分别为74.0%、51.0%,峰现时间最多延迟16 min;机场飞行区在增设LID设施后溢流节点数减少13.1%,超载管段数量减少20.4%;机场停车场在增设LID设施后溢流节点数减少了6.3%,超载管段数量减少了10.0%;管段最大积水深度减幅为68%,最大流量减幅达63%。机场规划建设LID设施对雨水径流、峰值流量控制效果显著,降低了机场雨水管网系统排水压力的同时,对机场防洪排涝也具有重要意义。

This paper reviewed the theories and results of sponge city/airport construction at home and abroad,discussed the principles and objectives of sponge airport construction.According to the actual situation of different regions,low-impact development(LID)facilities suitable for airports in different regions were designed.Finally,an airport was taken as an example to verify the rainwater control effect of LID based on SWMM model.The research shows that after the construction of LID,the reduction rates of total runoff and peak flow are up to74.0%and 51.0%,and the peak time is delayed by up to 16 minutes.After LID are added in the flight area,the number of overflow nodes decreases by 13.1%,and the number of overloaded pipe segments decreases by 20.4%.After the addition of LID in the parking lot,the number of overflow nodes is reduced by 6.3%,and the number of overloaded pipe segments is reduced by 10.0%.The maximum water depth of the pipe section changes by 68%at most and the maximum flow by 63%at most.The planning and construction of LID in airports has a significant effect on the control of rain runoff and peak flow,which not only reduces the drainage pressure of the airport rainwater pipe network system,but also plays an important role in the flood control and drainage of airports.