宝鸡某冶炼厂和尾矿库土壤重金属污染与植物富集特征

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils and Enrichmentin Plants in a Smelter and Tailings Pond of Baoji

以宝鸡某铅锌冶炼厂和尾矿库场地的土壤与优势植物为研究对象,采集优势植物及根际土壤样品,分析Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd的含量;采用单因子污染指数法、地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法与环境风险指数法评估研究区土壤的重金属污染状况;同时采用转运系数及富集系数法分析区内优势植物对重金属的富集特征。研究表明,研究区不同程度地受到Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd的污染,其中Cd污染最为严重,其次是Pb、Zn、Cu污染。研究区生长旺盛的草本植物对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd的富集能力具有较大的差异性,雪里蕻是Cd的超富集植物和Pb、Zn、Cu的潜在高富集植物。

In this study,the soil and dominant plants of a lead-zinc smelter and tailings reservoir site of Baoji were selected as the research objects.The dominant plants and corresponding rhizosphere soils were collected in lead-zinc smelter and tailings reservoir of Baoji.The contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Cd in dominant plants and corresponding rhizosphere soil were analyzed.Single factor pollution index method,geoaccumulation index method,potential ecological hazard index method and environmental risk index method were used to evaluate soil heavy metal pollution in the study area.At the same time,the transport coefficient and enrichment coefficient were used to analyze the enrichment characteristics of heavy metals by dominant plants in the area.The results showed that the study area was polluted by Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Cd in varying degrees,and Cd pollution was the most serious,followed by Pb,Zn and Cu pollution.The herb plants with vigorous growth in the study area have great differences in the enrichment ability of heavy metals Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Cd.Potherb mustard is a hyperaccumulator of Cd and a potential hyperaccumulator of Pb,Zn and Cu.