应城市石膏矿区地面塌陷易发性评价

Susceptibility Evaluation of Ground Collapsein Gypsum Mining Area of Yingcheng City

应城市因长期开采膏盐矿形成较大范围的采空区,引发地面塌陷等地质灾害,直接威胁居民生命财产安全和制约地方经济社会发展。为查明应城市石膏矿区地面塌陷易发性,选取第四系厚度、地层岩性、距断层距离、地下水埋深、距地表水距离、开采深度、采空区范围、充填密实度、老窿密度、距塌陷点距离10个评价因子,采用层次分析法建立地面塌陷易发性评价指标体系,应用GIS空间分析功能,将该区划分为地面塌陷高、中、低、不易发区4类分区。研究表明,应城市石膏矿区地面塌陷高、中、低、不易发区面积分别为3.02、11.86、40.87、37.85 km^(2),分别占研究区总面积的3.23%、12.67%、43.66%、40.44%。建议在应城市石膏矿区构建“人防+技防”相结合的高质量群测群防体系、“天—空—地—浅—深”监测预警体系和三维地质模型与信息化平台,为地方政府防灾减灾、矿政管理、城镇规划等提供决策依据和技术支撑。

The long-term gypsum salt mining in Yingcheng City has formed a large range of goaf,causing ground collapse and other geological disasters,which directly threaten the safety of residents lives and restrict the local economic and social development.In order to find out the susceptibility of ground collapse in gypsum mining area of Yingcheng City,ten evaluation factors including quaternary thickness,stratum lithology,distance from fault,groundwater depth,distance from surface water,mining depth,goaf,filling density,old hole density and distance from collapse point are selected.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to establish the evaluation index system of ground collapse susceptibility.By using GIS spatial analysis function,the area is divided into four categories of high,medium,low,and non-prone areas of ground collapse.The results show that the areas of high,medium,low and non-prone areas of ground collapse in Yingcheng gypsum mine area are 3.02,11.86,40.87 and 37.85 km^(2),respectively,accounting for 3.23%,12.67%,43.66%and 40.44%of the total area of the study area,respectively.It is suggested to build a high-quality mass monitoring and prevention system combined with“civil defense+technical defense”,a“space-sky-ground-shallow-deep”monitoring and early warning system,and a three-dimensional geological model and information platform in the gypsum mining area,so as to provide decision-making basis and technical support for local governments disaster prevention and mitigation,mining management and urban planning.