社区老年人居家环境现况及致跌危险因素分析

Analysis of the current situation of the home environment and fall-related risk factors among the elderly in the community

目的 调查社区老年人居家环境致跌危险因素现况及分布特征,为营造安全的适老居家环境提供科学依据。方法 2019年1—3月随机选择110户上海市长宁区居家老年人家庭,采用自行设计的居家环境危险因素评估表,就家中的7大区域共39项可能的致跌环境危险因素进行现场评估。结果 老年人家中致跌危险因素的总体检出率为88.2%,每户家庭存在的平均致跌危险因素为2.7项。卫生间的致跌危险因素检出率最高(67.9%),其中坐厕/马桶椅旁无扶手、浴缸/淋浴房旁无扶手、未使用防滑垫为主要检出项。多分类Logistic回归分析结果提示,社区老年人的文化程度、现住址居住时间和所患疾病数与高致跌风险居家环境有显著关联。结论 致跌危险因素普遍存在于老年人居家环境中,应积极采取改进措施,为老人打造安全的居家环境,应重点关注低收入、文化程度低、患多种疾病的老年人群,尤其是老旧小区的居家老人。

Objective To investigate the current situation and distribution characteristics of fall-related risk factors in the home environment of the elderly in the community,and provide a scientific basis for creating a safe and suitable home environment for the elderly.Methods From January to March 2019,110 elderly households in Changning District of Shanghai City were randomly selected.A self-designed Home Environment Risk Factor Assessment Form was used to conduct an on-site assessment of a total of 39 potentialfall-related environmental risk factors in 7 major areas of the home.Results The overall detection rate of fall-related risk factors in the home of the elderly was 88.2%,and the average number of fall-related risk factors in each household was 2.7.The detection rate of fall-related risk factors in the toiletwas the highest(67.9%),of which no armrest beside the toilet/toilet chair,no armrest beside the bathtub/shower room and no non-slip mat were the main detection items.The results of multi-category logistic regression analysis showed that the education level,the living time of the current address and the number of diseases of the elderly in the community were significantly related to the home environment with high fall-related risk factors.Conclusion There are common fall-related risk factors in the home environment of the elderly.Some improvement measures should be actively taken to create a safe home environment for the elderly.Special attention should be paid to the elderly people with low income,low education level and various diseases,especially the elderly people living in the old communities.