美国手机定位追踪技术与个人信息保护

Research on the Mobile Phone Location Tracking Technology and Personal Information Protection in the United States

为应对手机定位追踪技术发展所带来的个人信息保护问题,美国司法部门进行了大量探索。了解其在缓解手机定位追踪技术与公民个人信息保护之间的矛盾对抗关系,平衡各方利益方面的经验与路径,对我国完善公民个人信息保护、推进司法改革进程具有十分重要的意义。通过梳理相关的博弈过程,可以发现美国在使用手机定位追踪技术与实现公民个人信息保护方面一直处于不断完善之中。从趋势上看,立法机构在逐步提高授权证明标准,司法部门在不断明确宪法第四修正案的核心地位,并以“马赛克理论”逐渐替代“第三方原则”,以最大限度地保护公民个人隐私信息。

In order to deal with the problem of personal information protection brought by the development of mobile phone location tracking technology,the judicial department of the United States has made a lot of exploration.It is of great significance to improve the protection of citizen's personal information and promote the process of judicial reform to understand the contradiction and confrontation between mobile phone location tracking technology and citizen's personal information protection,balance the experience and path of all interests.By combing the relevant game process,it can be found that the United States has been constantly improving the use of mobile phone positioning and tracking technology and the protection of citizens'personal information.From the trend,the legislature is gradually improving the standard of authorization,the judiciary is constantly clarifying the core status of the Fourth Amendment,and gradually replacing the"third party principle with the"Mosaic theory",so as to maximize the protection of citizens'personal privacy information.