张掖营建再考——张掖历史地理研究之二

A Re-study on the Construction of Zhangye City:Zhangye Historical-Geographical Study No.2

“张掖城”当始自太初四年(BC101)时张掖郡觻得县的设立,其地望当与其位处关键“山水”的交汇地带及中亚人群长期东迁河西有关。西魏废帝时期(552~554),由于环境变化、胡商活动、人口激增、用水取水等原因,张掖城由今黑水国遗址一带迁移到今天甘州城区附近。根据历代舆图,元代大德三年到至大二年间(1299~1309)张掖城向南扩展,明代洪武二十五年(1392)又向东广城,大约在永乐到正德间开始营建外郭城,万历时又砖包城墙,以上对张掖城的拓展是因其长期作为河西首府所带来的政治、经济影响力。大约在明末清初时,张掖城发展到最大规模。直到雍正三年(1725),张掖变为普通府城,其郭城渐有损坏,城邑呈现收缩趋势。

The city of Zhangye began with the establishment of Lude County of Zhangye Prefecture in the fourth year of Taichu.Its geographical location is related to its location in the confluence of key“mountains and rivers”and the long-term eastward migration of people from Central Asia to the Hexi region.During the period of Feidi in the Western Wei Dynasty,due to environmental damage,the activities of Hu people caravans,population surge,easy to get water,and other reasons,Zhangye City moved from the ruins of Heishui State site to today’s urban location of Ganzhou.According to historical maps,Zhangye city expanded southward from the third year of Dade to the second year of Zhida in the Yuan Dynasty.It expanded eastward again in the 25th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty,started to build an exterior wall from Yongle to Zhengde,and built brick walls during Wanli.The above expansion of Zhangye City is due to its long-term political and economic influence as the capital of Hexi region.Around the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,Zhangye City reached its maximum scale.Until the third year of Yongzheng,Zhangye became an ordinary government city,its exterior wall was gradually damaged,and the city showed a shrinking trend.