激光加工技术在钛合金航空结构件制造的应用与展望

Application and Prospect of Titanium Alloy and Its Laser Processing Technology in Aeronautic Structure Manufacturing

激光制造加工是激光产业应用的主要方向,以激光为代表的高能束流加工是航空装备研制中不可或缺的技术。综述了各代军机结构需求及材料发展,分析了军机结构件制造面临的挑战及发展趋势,介绍了激光加工技术在钛合金航空结构件制造中的应用现状,激光焊接技术主要用于蒙皮与长桁的焊接、腹鳍和襟翼的装配焊接,激光增材制造主要用于复杂钛合金机体结构件的快速制造,并展望了即将开展的应用。相较于传统钛合金加工工艺,激光焊接技术、激光熔化沉积技术能实现结构件大型化、整体化制造,激光选区熔化技术能实现复杂拓扑化结构件的制造,相关制造技术能有效实现机体减重,增长机体疲劳寿命,提升材料利用率,降低制造成本。最后结合当下国际背景以及新时期的发展需求,对激光加工成套设备在钛合金航空结构件制造的发展趋势进行了展望,成套系统多功能化、加工过程智能化、配套设备高效化、核心部件自主化将提升我国高端激光加工设备核心竞争力,助力钛合金航空结构件制造高速发展。

Laser manufacturing application is the main direction of laser industry application. Power beam processing represented by laser processing is an indispensable technology in the aeronautical industry. In this paper, the structural requirements and material development of various generations of military aircraft is summarized, the challenges and development trend of military aircraft structural parts manufacturing is analyzed and the application status of laser processing technology in titanium alloy aviation structural parts manufacturing is introduced. Laser welding technology is mainly used for the welding of skin and truss and the welding of abdominal fins and wing flaps. Laser additive manufacturing is mainly used for the rapid manufacturing of complex titanium alloy body structural parts, and the application in the near future is prospected.Compared with traditional titanium alloy processing technology, laser welding technology and laser melting deposition technology can realize large-scale and integrated manufacturing of structural parts. Laser selective melting technology can realize the manufacture of complex topological structural parts. These manufacturing technologies can effectively reduce the weight of the body, increase the fatigue life of the body, improve the utilization rate of materials, and reduce manufacturing costs;finally, combined with the current international background and the requirements of the new era, the development trend of laser processing equipment in the manufacturing of titanium alloy aviation structural parts is prospected. The multifunctional complete system, intelligent processing process, efficient supporting equipment and independent core components will enhance the core competitiveness of China’s high-end laser processing equipment and help the manufacturing of titanium alloy aviation structural parts.