美国当代艺术转向中的中国因素:莱因哈特的艺术与“理性禅”

The Chinese Factor in the Turning of American Contemporary Art:Case Study of Ad Reinhardt’s Art and Rational Ch’an

与同时代美国艺术家对日本书法的学习和对来自铃木大拙日本禅(Zen)的艺术实践相比,莱因哈特的艺术观更直接地受到宋元山水画的影响,更类似于胡适所主张的源自中国文化语境的“理性禅(Ch’an)”,在艺术创作中不断参悟,而非陷入迷狂状态的宣泄。这一中国因素并非仅停留于艺术理论推理,而是来自于莱因哈特日常生活和艺术创作过程中对中国山水画的切实观看与研习,真实生发自20世纪中叶美国当代艺术转型期的艺术语境中。

Compared with American artists’"irrational"practices influenced by Japanese calligraphy and Zen,Ad Reinhardt’s art is much closer to Chinese literati art represented by landscape paintings from the Song to Yuan dynasty,which is similar to Hu Shih’s argument of"rational Ch’an"that rooted in Chinese culture to ask for rational thinking in art creation through ceaseless meditation,rather than fall into unconscious ecstasy.Such Chinese influence does not only exist in rational analysis of Reinhardt’s art theory but also actually happened in the watching and learning experiences of Chinese landscape paintings throughout Reinhardt’s routine life and artistic creative process in the Turn of Contemporary Art in the United States during the mid-20th century.