历史的回望与呼应——工业4.0下设计教育再思考

Retrospect and Echo of History:Rethinking Design Education under Industry 4.0

现代设计教育在百年历史的发展轨迹中,充分反映出时代背景和思想变革。本文以开端、延续、转型三个主题回顾了现代设计教育经历从“艺术与手工艺运动”到包豪斯再到乌尔姆设计学院的历程,对每个时期设计教育的现代性进行了讨论,同时概述了改革开放初期中国高等设计教育的觉醒,分析设计学成为一级学科后的教育现状,力图从工业4.0的内涵特征和对未来趋势的研判出发,探讨中国在工业4.0语境中设计教育的发展方向。文章认为,历史的回顾需要有历史的眼光,历史经验应当为今天带来反思,特别是“以人文格局为中心、创新驱动为手段、教育与研究相结合”的时代价值和理念的转变,力求为当下乃至未来的中国设计教育带来重要启示。

Modern design education fully reflects the background and ideological changes of the times in the development track of a hundred years of history.This paper reviews the course of modern design education from"art and crafts movement"to Bauhaus to Ulm Design Institute with three themes of beginning,continuation,and transformation,discusses the modernity of design education in each period,and summarizes the awakening of higher design education in China in the early stage of reform and opening-up and the educational status quo after design became the first-level discipline.The article holds that the review of history needs a historical perspective and that historical experience should bring reflection to today,especially the transformation of the values and ideas of the times,which are"centered on the humanistic pattern,innovation-driven as the means,education and research",and bring important enlightenment to the design education of China now and in the future.