地震诱发煤矿次生灾害危险性评估方法研究

Study on risk assessment method of coal mine secondary disaster induced by earthquake

矿山是受地震灾害影响较为严重、灾害多发的重点安全生产行业之一,“唐山大地震”“汶川大地震”等多起地震后,出现了井巷工程破坏、涌水量急剧增加等严重灾害,造成了不同程度的人员伤亡与经济损失。针对地震诱发煤矿次生灾害影响评估方法缺失的问题,基于地震灾害学、安全工程学与系统科学等理论,以矿井生命线系统为主线,研究提出了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害影响综合评估方法,具体为:首先从矿井所在区域地震灾害等级、地震诱发矿井灾害危险性、煤层瓦斯赋存致灾性、水文地质条件致灾性、地震灾害承灾体设防达标情况等对地震诱发煤矿次生灾害的可能性进行评估;其次从人员伤亡、经济损失、灾害的社会影响效应等3个方面对地震诱发煤矿次生灾害的后果严重性进行评估;最后通过构建矿山承灾体致灾危险性等级矩阵,判定地震诱发煤矿次生灾害危险性等级。该评估方法涵盖了灾前设防现状,灾时地震灾害等级,灾后影响程度等多因素,实现了灾前、灾中、灾后所有关键影响因素的全覆盖。

Mining is one of the key safety production industries that are seriously affected by earthquake disasters and prone to disasters.After many earthquakes such as“Tangshan earthquake”and“Wenchuan earthquake”,there have been serious disasters such as shaft and roadway engineering damages and sharp increase in water inflow,resulting in varying degrees of casualties and economic losses.Aiming at the lack of impact assessment methods of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters,based on the theories of earthquake disaster,safety engineering and system science,and taking the mine lifeline system as the main line,this paper studies and proposes a comprehensive impact assessment method of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters,which is as follows:firstly,the possibility of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters in coal mines is evaluated from the level of earthquake disasters in the area where the mine is located,the risk of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters,the disaster caused by coal seam gas occurrence,the disaster caused by hydro-geological conditions,and the standard setting of earthquake disaster bearing body;secondly,the severity of the consequences of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters is evaluated from three aspects:casualties,economic losses and social impact of disasters;finally,the risk level of coal mine disaster induced by earthquake is determined by constructing the risk level matrix of mine disaster bearing body.The assessment method covers many factors,such as the current situation of pre-disaster fortification,the level of earthquake disaster at the time of disaster,the ability of post disaster emergency disaster reduction and relief,and realizes the full coverage of all key influencing factors before,during and after disaster.