知道者悖论的新型解决方案探析

Analysis of New Solutions to the Knower Paradox

知道者悖论是关于日常知识概念的严格意义的逻辑悖论。新近出现的两种解悖方案以知道者悖论在可证性逻辑与证明逻辑系统中的重构为基础而得出。这两种新型逻辑系统是独立于解悖而被建构的,因此,从RZH解悖标准来看,对应的两种新方案较好地满足了非特设性要求。艾格基于可证性逻辑提出的解悖方案拒斥知识的真实性原则,这意味着放弃柏拉图经典知识定义。所以,从RZH解悖标准来看,这种方案没有较好地满足充分宽广性要求。迪恩和科克瓦基于证明逻辑提出的解悖方案拒斥统一芭坎公式,而该公式对应的认知规则正是安德森提出的方案所要拒斥的,因此可以构成对后者的一种支持。

Knower paradox is a logical paradox in strict sense about the concept of daily knowledge.The two newly emerged solutions are based on the reconstruction of the knower paradox in the system of logic of provability and in the system of logic of proof,respectively.These two new logical systems are constructed independently of solving paradoxes.Therefore,from the perspective of RZH criterion for paradox solution,the corresponding two new solutions better meet the requirement of non-ad hoc.P.Égré's solution based on the logic of provability rejects the following principle about knowledge:all knowledge is true.This means that we should give up the classic definition of knowledge made by Plato.Therefore,from the perspective of RZH criterion for paradox solution,this solution is not wide enough.The solution proposed by W.Dean and H.Kurokawa based on the logic of proof rejects the uniform Barcan formula,and the rule of knowledge corresponding to this formula is refused by the solution proposed by C.A.Anderson.Therefore,it can form a support for the latter.