贵州省28个辣椒品种抗土壤连作障碍的效果分析

Resistant Analysis of 28 Pepper Varieties to Soil Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Guizhou Province

为筛选抗连作障碍能力强的辣椒品种,在前茬连作辣椒3年的土壤上连续2年(2019—2020年)种植28个辣椒品种,并测定其丰产性能和产量指标。结果发现,卓椒12号、卓椒18号、正椒9号、二荆条、辣珍珠、荣耀和单生朝天椒等7个品种的株高、开展度、主茎高、主茎直茎、始花节位及有效分枝变化不显著,对连作障碍的响应程度较小;卓椒12号、二荆条、荣耀和单生朝天椒4个品种对不同连作土壤的响应相似,单株果实数减少,但单果鲜质量增加,最终产量(2020年)比上一年(2019年)略有增加;辣珍珠和卓椒18号对不同连作土壤的响应和上述4个品种相反,单株果实数均增加,但单果鲜质量降低,最终产量增加,也具备稳产的特性;正椒9号的单株果实数和单果鲜质量均有减少(4.14%),最终产量减少8.18%。结果表明,上述7个品种的丰产性能表现良好,产量较稳定,耐连作障碍抗性较强,可进行大面积示范推广。

In order to select pepper varieties with strong resistance to continuous cropping obstacles,28 pepper varieties were planted for two consecutive years(2019 and 2020)on continuous cropping soil(planting peppers for three consecutive years),and their yield performance and yield indexes were measured.The results showed that the indexes(plant height,spreading degree,main stem height,main stem straight stem,first flower node position and effective branching)of Zhuojiao 12,Zhuojiao 18,Zhengjiao 9,Erjingtiao,Spicy Pearl,Rongyao and Solitary Chaotianjiao did not change significantly,and their response degrees to continuous cropping obstacle were weak.Zhuojiao 12,Erjingtiao,Rongyao and Solitary Chaotianjiao had similar responses to different continuous cropping soils,namely,their fruit numbers per plant were decreased,fresh fruit weights per fruit were increased,and final yields were increased slightly compared with last year.The responses of Spicy Pearl and Zhuojiao 18 to different continuous cropping soil were opposite to that of the above four varieties,namely,their fruit numbers per plant were increased,fresh fruit weights per fruit were decreased,final yields were increased,resulting in the characteristics of stable yield.The fruit number per plant and fresh weight per fruit of Zhengjiao 9 decreased(4.14%),and the final yield decreased by 8.18%.The results showed that seven varieties had good yield performances,stable yields and strong resistances to continuous cropping obstacles,which could be used for demonstration and promotion at large scale.