肝移植术后Takotsubo综合征的诊治及文献复习

Diagnosis and treatment of Takotsubo syndrome after liver transplantation and literature review

目的 总结肝移植术后Takotsubo综合征(TTS)的诊疗经验。方法 回顾性分析1例肝移植术后TTS患者的临床资料,总结其临床特点、诊断方法及治疗策略,并进行文献复习。结果 1例43岁女性患者,因原发性胆汁性肝硬化8年行劈离式肝移植,手术过程顺利。术后3 d患者出现焦虑、烦躁、呼吸困难以及定向力障碍,低血压,氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)>35 000 pg/mL,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)5.9 U/L,肌钙蛋白I(TnI)1.78μg/L。心电图提示窦性心律,超声心动图提示左心室壁运动弥漫减弱及心尖部球形扩张,并伴有二尖瓣、三尖瓣中~重度反流,左心室射血分数(LVEF)下降至23%,但未见心室壁节段性运动异常或对应的心电图改变,不考虑急性冠状动脉综合征。InterTAK诊断评分为73分,考虑肝移植术后TTS,给予美托洛尔、辅酶Q、重组人脑利钠肽、去乙酰毛花苷及劳拉西泮等治疗。术后10 d复查超声心动图,左心功能明显改善,LVEF恢复至50%。术后40 d患者出院,移植肝功能恢复良好,随访期间继续服用美托洛尔至投稿日,未再复发。结论 肝移植术后TTS的发生较罕见,诊断上存在困难,但病情严重及预后较差,需要早期识别和及早干预。

Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of Takotsubo syndrome(TTS )after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of one TTS patient after liver transplantation was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment strategies were summarized, and literature review was conducted.Results A 43-year-old female patient successfully underwent split liver transplantation due to primary biliary cirrhosis for 8 years. At postoperative 3 d, the patient developed anxiety, irritation, dyspnea, disorientation, hypotension, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) of >35 000 pg/mL, creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) of 5.9 U/L and troponin I(TnI) of 1.78 μg/L. Electrocardiogram indicated the signs of sinus rhythm. Echocardiography indicated diffuse weakening of the left ventricular wall motion and spherical dilatation of the apex, accompanied with moderate and severe regurgitation of the mitral valve and tricuspid valve. The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) declined to 23%, whereas no abnormal segmental motion of ventricular wall or corresponding electrocardiogram changes were observed. The possibility of acute coronary syndrome was excluded. The InterTAK diagnostic score was 73. The diagnosis of TTS after liver transplantation was considered. Metoprolol, coenzyme Q, recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide, deacetyl lanatoside and lorazepam were given. Echocardiography at postoperative 10 d showed that the left ventricular function was significantly improved and the LVEF recovered to 50%. The patient was discharged 40 d after liver transplantation.The liver function was recovered well. During postoperative follow-up, she was given with metoprolol till the submission date, and no recurrence was reported. Conclusions TTS after liver transplantation is rare in clinical practice. It is difficult to make the diagnosis. The condition of TTS is severe and clinical prognosis is poor. Prompt diagnosis and interventions should be implemented.