垃圾焚烧处理工艺的生命周期环境影响分析

Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Waste Incineration Process

随着城市生活垃圾清运量的逐年增加,垃圾焚烧因其无害化、减量化优势显著而成为我国当前最主要的垃圾处理方式。本文利用生命周期评价方法对垃圾焚烧处理工艺进行环境影响评价,判断各阶段污染物的主要来源。结果显示,垃圾焚烧处理过程产生的污染物排放是造成环境影响最主要的原因,其环境影响潜值为0.109,因所发电力替代传统的燃煤发电,因此电力输出具有良好的环境表现,其环境影响潜值为-0.115;在所有环境影响类别中,臭氧生成的环境影响潜值最高,主要是由于NO_(x)的排放。通过对垃圾焚烧处理全过程的生命周期环境影响分析可知,如何进一步控制NO_(x)的排放以及提高能源回收效率是降低垃圾焚烧环境影响最主要的途径。

With the increasing amount of urban domestic waste removal and transportation year by year,waste incineration has become the most important waste treatment method in China because of its significant advantages of harmless and reduction.In this paper,the life cycle assessment method is used to evaluate the environmental impact of waste incineration treatment process,and determine the main sources of pollutants in each stage.The results show that the emission of pollutants from waste incineration is the main cause of environmental impact,with an environmental impact potential of 0.109.Because the generated power replaces the traditional coal-fired power generation,the power output has a good environmental performance,with an environmental impact potential of-0.115.Among all environmental impact categories,ozone has the highest environmental impact potential,mainly due to NO_(x) emissions.Through the life cycle environmental impact analysis of the whole process of waste incineration,it can be seen that how to further control NO_(x) emissions and improve energy recovery efficiency are the main ways to reduce the environmental impact of waste incineration.