中部快速城镇化地区生境质量时空演变及影响因素研究

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Habitat Quality in the Rapidly Urbanizing Area in Central China

探究中部快速城镇化地区的生境质量时空变化以及影响因素对构建区域生态稳定、揭示人类活动对该地区生态环境的影响程度有重要意义。本文以典型中部快速城镇化地区为研究区,基于InVEST模型和空间计量模型综合评价2000-2020年期间生境质量的时空演变与变化原因,结果如下:(1)合肥都市圈生境质量出现明显的空间分异现象,生境质量较好的用地构成为林地、草地、水域;较差区域用地中城乡建设用地扩展最为明显,耕地次之;20年间生境质量呈现“慢—快—慢”的下降趋势,2010-2020年期间恶化速度趋缓;(2)在空间布局特征上,山区生境质量高于丘陵、平原地区;(3)从景观格局指数与城镇化两个角度选取影响因子,发现近20年来城镇化指标对合肥都市圈生境质量的均为负向效应,景观格局指数对其呈现正相关。合肥都市圈整体生境质量的变化剧烈程度与其周边城镇化速率有关,具有一定的空间聚集性,平原地区变化程度相较于山区更加剧烈,呈现一定的梯度效应。本研究可为区域生态保护规划和类似区域研究提供科学参考。

Exploring the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of habitat quality in the rapidly urbanizing areas in central China is of significance for studying the regional ecological stability and the impact of human activities on the regional ecological environment.Based on the InVEST model and the spatial econometric model,the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of habitat quality during 2000-2020 in Hefei,a typical rapidly urbanizing area,are studied.It is found that,(1)habitat quality in the Hefei metropolitan area showed obvious spatial differentiation,and the land with better habitat quality consisted of woodland,grassland,and water;among the land in poorer areas,urban land expands most significantly,followed by arable land.The habitat quality shows a“slow-fast-slow”declining trend over the 20-year period,with a slowdown in the rate of deterioration between 2010 and 2020;(2)in terms of spatial distribution characteristics,the habitat quality of mountainous areas is higher than that in hilly and plain areas;(3)in terms of the landscape pattern and urbanization indexes,the later had a negative influence on the habitat quality of Hefei metropolitan area in the past 20 years,while the former was positive.The drastic degree of habitat quality change in the Hefei metropolitan area is related to the rate of urbanization,with a certain spatial aggregation;the degree of change in the plain area is more drastic than that in the mountainous area,showing a certain gradient effect.This study aims to provide reference for regional ecological protection planning and similar regional studies.