基于壳聚糖的分子印迹技术研究及应用

Research and Application of Molecular Imprinting Technology Based on Chitosan

分子印迹技术是一种新兴的分子识别技术,该技术可以制备具有特异选择性识别能力的聚合物,凭借其高度的专一性、稳定性以及可重复性等特点,逐渐成为了研究热点。壳聚糖是一种环境友好、来源丰富且可循环再生的天然高分子化合物,其分子结构中的氨基等官能团具有较强的活性,使壳聚糖具有生物降解性、细胞亲和性和生物效应等多种独特的性质,在医学、食品、环保等领域广泛应用。壳聚糖的官能团反应活性强,易进行改性或化学修饰,因此以壳聚糖及其衍生物为功能单体或载体,结合分子印迹技术,易制备具有理想的亲和性和稳定性、高印迹效率、强选择性的新型分子印迹聚合物,从而提高壳聚糖材料的性能,拓宽其应用领域和范围。本文根据近年来国内外学者在壳聚糖分子印迹改性领域的研究进展,对壳聚糖及其衍生物在分子印迹聚合物制备中的作用、分子印迹聚合物制备方法以及常用交联剂的类型进行总结,详细阐述了壳聚糖分子印迹聚合物在重金属污染物处理、生物医学、固相萃取、蛋白质识别、电化学传感器、手性物质分离等方面的应用,分析了壳聚糖分子印迹聚合物在各领域应用的优缺点,并展望了壳聚糖分子印迹技术的发展方向。

Molecular imprinting technology is a new molecular recognition technology by which the polymers with specific and selective recognition ability could be prepared. With high specificity,stability and repeatability,it has gradually become the research hotspot. Chitosan is an environment-friendly,abundant and recyclable natural polymer compound. The amino functional groups in molecular structure of chitosan have strong activity,which makes chitosan have various unique properties such as biodegradability,cell affinity and biological effects. It is widely used in the fields of medicine,food and environmental protection. The functional group of chitosan has strong reaction activity and is easy to be chemically modification. Combined with molecular imprinting technology,the chitosan and its derivatives could be taken as functional monomers or carriers for preparing new molecular imprinting polymers with ideal affinity and stability,high imprinting efficiency and strong selectivity,which can improve the properties of chitosan materials and broaden its application field and scope.According to the research progress in the field of molecular imprinting modification of chitosan,the role of chitosan and its derivatives in the preparation of molecular imprinting polymers,the preparation methods of molecular imprinting polymers and the types of common crosslinking agents were summarized. The applications of chitosan molecular imprinting polymers in the treatment of heavy metal pollutants,biomedicine,solid phase extraction,protein recognition,electrochemical sensor and chiral material separation were expounded in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of chitosan molecular imprinting polymers in various fields were analyzed. The development direction of chitosan molecular imprinting technology was prospected.