资本社会规训之悲剧——以赖特的《土生子》为例

The Tragedy of Capital Social Discipline——Taking Native Son Written by Richard Wright as an example

“私有财产神圣不可侵犯”的首要性决定了资本既得利益阶层统治社会的本质,这一政治本质所产生的问题贯穿美国历史。赖特《土生子》反映的背景正是大萧条时期白人资本精英主宰下的美国社会:经济上,白人通过资本力量对黑人进行着隐秘的控制与剥削;政治上,资本与政治力量的结合从系统上形成了对底层的隔离与压制;思想上,白人在宗教、文化、教育领域对黑人进行着反智化的引导。赖特通过小说主人公别格的悲剧告诉读者:在白人资本精英统治、种族歧视的社会里,如此的规训造就的只是表面上听话、温顺而实则充满愤怒、危险的“潜在犯罪分子”;像别格一样的黑人如果缺少施展自我才能的空间和机会,且找不到正当的抗争途径的话,就有可能走上自我毁灭的悲剧之路,对社会造成巨大的冲击。

The primacy of“private property is sacred and inviolable”determines the nature of the society ruled by the class with vested interests of capital.The problems arising from this political nature run through American history.Wright’s Native Son reflects the background of American society dominated by white capital elites during the great depression:economically,white people secretly controlled and exploited black people through capital power;Politically,the combination of capital and political power has systematically formed the isolation and suppression of the bottom;Ideologically,the white people guide the black people against intellectualization in the fields of religion,culture and education.Through the tragedy of the protagonist Bigger,Wright tells the readers that in a society dom-inated by white capital elites and racial discrimination,such discipline creates only“potential criminals”who are obedient and docile on the surface but are actually full of anger and danger.If black people like Bigger lack the space and opportunity to display their talents,and can not find a proper way to fight,they may embark on the tragic road of self destruction,which will have a great impact on society.