西藏山南市设施蔬菜生产现状、存在问题与建议

The Status,Problems and Suggestions of Greenhouse Vegetable Production in Shannan of Tibet

对山南市下辖的乃东区、扎囊、贡嘎等9个蔬菜主要生产县(区)18个乡(镇)27个村的35个蔬菜种植主体的设施蔬菜生产情况进行了调研。结果表明:到2021年西藏山南市共建有蔬菜栽培设施4555栋,设施蔬菜生产现状具有设施栽培呈现规模化、经营主体组成多元化、种植蔬菜种类多样化、生产过程少有机械化和产品销售融入市场化的“五化”特点;但也存在栽培设施亟待维修、生产资料供应不足、种植结构不优、栽培技术有待提高和销售市场需要拓展的问题;针对存在的问题提出了认真总结经验、完善大棚运行机制,加强供给与科技创新、满足基本生产资料的需求,组织观摩实训、提高栽培管理技术水平和打造高原品牌、开拓内地高端市场的建议;并对山南市的设施蔬菜发展进行了展望。

The authors have investigated the greenhouse vegetable production of 35 vegetable-planting entities in 27 villages of 18 townships or towns in nine major vegetable production counties or districts subordinate to Shannan City,including Naidong District,Zhanang County and Konggar County.The results showed that by 2021,there were 4555 vegetable cultivation facilities in Shannan City,Tibet.The local greenhouse vegetable production has exhibited the following five characteristics:large-scale facility cultivation,diversified business entities,diverse vegetable species,few mechanized operation in the production process and agricultural products sale integrating into marketization.However,some problems also existed:cultivation facilities were in urgent need of repair;the supply of production materials was insufficient;the planting structure was suboptimal;cultivation teniques needed to be improved;the sales market needed to be developed.To solve the existing problems,we propose:to summarize the experience carefully and improve the operating mechanism of greenhouses;to strengthen the supply and technological innovation and meet the needs for basic production materials;to organize observation and training,and improve the level of cultivation and management technology;to create plateau brands and develop the inland high-end market.Finally,we expect the future development of protected vegetables in Shannan City.