油茶粕膳食纤维的超声辅助酶法提取工艺优化及理化性质分析

Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Process and Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Dietary Fiber from Camellia oleifera Meal

膳食纤维(Dietary Fiber,DF)具有很多生理功能及突出的应用前景,而可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)的生理特性要优于不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF)。为提高油茶粕DF中SDF的得率,以SDF得率作为评价指标,采用超声辅助酶法,通过单因素实验对酶添加量、超声时间、超声功率、料液比四个因素进行研究,并在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面优化试验,并对得到的DF进行理化性质及结构分析。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为酶添加量0.2%、超声时间31 min、超声功率210 W、料液比1:23 g/mL,SDF得率为12.43%,此时IDF得率为68.39%。油茶粕总膳食纤维(Total Dietary Fibre,TDF)的持水力为4.36 g/g、持油力为3.67 g/g、膨胀力为6.83 mL/g,胆固醇吸附率在pH2时为5.79 mg/g,pH7时为8.38 mg/g,葡萄糖吸附率为11.49 mg/g。通过结构表征的分析推测油茶粕TDF中含有木质素、纤维素、半纤维素及糖类物质,TDF表面疏松多孔、凹凸不平,粒径为50.699 nm。本研究提高了SDF得率,证明油茶粕TDF具有较好的理化性质及结构,为提高油茶粕的附加价值提供了参考。

Dietary fiber has many physiological functions and outstanding application prospects, while the physiological characteristics of soluble dietary fiber are better than that of insoluble dietary fiber. In order to improve the camellia meal in DF SDF yield, SDF yield as evaluation index, the ultrasonic assisted enzymatic, through the single factor experiments of enzyme, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, material liquid than four factors were studied, and based on single factor experiments, response surface optimization experiment, and the DF of get the physical and chemical properties and structure analysis. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: Enzyme dosage 0.2%,ultrasonic time 31 min, ultrasonic power 210 W, solid-liquid ratio 1:23 g/mL, SDF yield was 12.43%, IDF yield was68.39%. The total dietary fibre(TDF) holding capacity, oil holding capacity and swelling capacity were 4.36 g/g, 3.67 g/g and 6.83 mL/g, respectively. The adsorption rate of cholesterol was 5.79 mg/g at pH2 and 8.38 mg/g at pH7. The adsorption rate of glucose was 11.49 mg/g. Through the analysis of structure characterization, it was speculated that the TDF of Camellia oleifera meal contains lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and sugars. The surface of TDF was porous and uneven,and the particle size was 50.699 nm. This study improved the yield of SDF and proved that TDF of Camellia oleifera meal had good physical and chemical properties and structure, which would provide reference for improving the added value of Camellia oleifera meal.