资源约束下西北旱区保障粮食安全的路径研究

Study on the Path of Ensuring Grain Security in Northwest Arid Area Under the Constraint of Resources

西北旱区粮食流通链条长、调运成本高,确保粮食生产稳定、实现产销平衡,是保持社会稳定、确保国防安全、巩固脱贫成果的有力保障。以干旱缺水为代表的众多因素制约着该区域粮食生产,但旱作农业技术的突破、北方气候的暖湿化趋势也意味着其粮食增产具有巨大潜力。近年来,西北旱区粮食总产量增速高于全国平均水平,耐旱作物占主导地位,水资源利用效率高,生产集约化、产业化水平显著提升。实践证明,旱区也可以变为粮仓,特别是基本农田建设以及玉米全膜双垄沟播技术和马铃薯黑膜覆盖种植技术的大面积推广,突破了旱作农业资源瓶颈,充分展现了“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略的重大效用。为此,建议国家制定黄河流域高质量发展战略农业行动方案、对产销平衡区的粮食主产县给予同等政策支持、出台绿色技术补贴、鼓励农牧结合、支持粮食就地加工、进一步把党政同责落到实处,以实现稳定的粮食产销平衡,保持旱区粮食发展好势头。

Due to the long grain circulation chain and high transportation costs in the arid region of Northwest China, ensuring the stability of grain production and realizing the balance of production and sales is a strong guarantee for social stability, national defense security and the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements. Many factors, represented by drought and water shortage, have restricted the grain production in this region. However, the breakthrough of dry farming technology and the warm and humid trend of the northern climate also mean that its grain production has great potential. In recent years, the grain in the arid areas of Northwest China has shown the characteristics that the growth rate of total output is higher than the national average, drought tolerant crops account for a dominant proportion of grain output, water resources utilization efficiency is high, and the intensification and industrialization has been significantly improved. Practice has proved that arid areas can also be turned into granaries. In particular, the construction of basic farmland, the large-scale promotion of corn full-film double-monopoly furrow sowing technology and potato black-film mulching technology, have broken through the bottleneck of dry farming agricultural resources, and fully demonstrated the great effectiveness of the strategy of “storage of grain in the land and technology”. Therefore, it is suggested that the state should formulate a strategic agricultural action plan for high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, provide equal policy support to the main grain producing counties in the production and marketing balance area, introduce green technology subsidies, encourage the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, support grain on-site processing, and further implement the same responsibilities of the Party and government, so as to achieve a stable grain production and marketing balance and maintain a good momentum of grain development in the arid areas.