汉代天人之学与《易纬》的“身体哲学”

The Study of Heaven and Human in the Han Dynasty and the Body Philosophy in Yi Wei

汉代流行的天人之学是以阴阳灾异为内容的、可感可证天人感应体系。同时,汉代还有一种更为复杂的天人之学。它是以太一(太极)神为主宰,以十二月为纲目,运用当时多学科知识编织起来的对称而共存的天人之宇宙图式。迎合汉代天人之学,《易纬》大量吸收了当时天文、历法、生物、中医等自然科学知识,重构一种具有易学特色的天人之学。在这个体系中,人体作为自然界的产物,其功能、德性、行为及安恙与整个自然世界紧密相连,再次凸显人体在世界万物中的地位。此时身体不再是人体器官的简单合体,而是活生生整体宇宙的显现。《易纬》对于人体疾病发生与防治的论述,对于我们今天防病治病仍有重要意义。

The popular theory of heaven and man in the Han Dynasty was a sensible and verifiable system of induction between heaven and man with Yin, Yang and disasters as the content. Meanwhile, there was a more complicated study of heaven and man in the Han Dynasty. It was dominated by the Taiyi(Tai Chi), with 12 months as the outline, using a symmetrical and coexisting universal schema of heaven and man woven by multidisciplinary knowledge at that time. Catering to the Han Dynasty’s ideological system of interaction between heaven and man, Yi Wei absorbed a large amount of natural science knowledge such as astronomy, calendar, biology and Chinese medicine at that time, reconstructed the study of heaven and human with the characteristics of Yi-ology. In this system, the health, activities and emotions of human body, the product of nature, were closely connected with the entire natural world, which once again highlighted the human body’s status in the world. In this case, the body was no longer a simple combination of human organs, but the manifestation of the entire universe. The discussions on the occurrence and prevention of human diseases in Yi Wei are still of great significance to the prevention and treatment of the diseases today.