作为非理性的偏见何以可能——理性主义的偏好及其对西方跨文化传播的影响

How Is Irrational Prejudice Possible——The Preference of “Rationalism” and Its Influence on Western Cross-cultural Communication

偏见在本质上是非理性的,这种认知罔顾事实和对话,是主体自身情感、信念和无意识等非理性因素固有缺陷之外化表征。在西方跨文化传播中,东方被贴“标签”及至遭遇刻板偏见,乃为一般事实。直面此种现象,政治学、新闻传播学等学科的逻辑搭建多囿于政治理念、国家利益、大众传媒等视野,相对疏于社会文化心理进路的考察。理性主义构筑了西方文化的精神柱石,展现出西方社会“意欲”向外投射的根本要求,推动了现代性进程,但主客体之间的内在危机也引致西方跨文化传播陷入“他者化叙事”泥淖。这不仅体现在西方媒体建构东方形象的非理性修辞和话语表达,而“东方主义”作为西方跨文化传播的底层逻辑,其概念内涵及生成机制与理性主义偏好之间的深度关联,更隐喻出省思理性主义对西方话语生产的影响还需扎根理念空间。

Prejudice, irrational in nature, ignores facts and dialogue, and is an externalized representation of the inherent defects of irrational factors such as emotions, beliefs, and unconsciousness. In the Western cross-cultural communication, it is common that the East is labeled and encounters stereotyped prejudice by the West. Regarding this phenomenon, traditional research tends to investigate from political ideas, ideologies, and national interests, while relatively neglecting the effect of psychological structure. Rationalism builds the foundation of Western culture, demonstrates the “willingness” to expand outward, and promotes the process of modernity. However, the inherent crisis between subject and object, has also led to Western cross-cultural communication sinking into the quagmire of “othering”. This is not only reflected in the irrational rhetoric and discourse of the Western media in building the image of the East. “Orientalism”, as the bottom logic of Western cross-cultural communication, has a deep connection between its conceptual connotation and generation mechanism and the preference for rationalism, which implies that the influence of rationalism on Western discourse needs to be rooted in conceptual space.