河南洛阳市土壤和农作物中硒分布及富集特征

Distribution and Enrichment Characteristics of Selenium in Soil and Crops in Luoyang City,Henan Province

研究分析某一地区种植的各种农作物中的硒富集特征,同时对施硒肥农作物硒含量进行调查评价,可以为富硒特色农业开发提供依据。查明不同农作物中硒含量影响因素,对于开发富硒农产品具有重要的意义。本文以河南省洛阳市硒资源详查项目区及其他农业种植区为研究对象,通过采集区内22种大田种植的农作物及其根系土,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤和农作物硒含量,研究了不同农作物中硒富集特征。结果表明:研究区土壤硒平均值均接近河南省富硒土壤标准,在酸性土壤中富硒点位占比28.61%,中性土壤中富硒点位占比43.72%,碱性土壤中富硒点位占比41.99%,总体土壤富硒点位占比40.56%。根据各类作物的硒富集系数评价,研究区适合开发富硒豆类、油料类、小麦、谷子、红薯等特色农作物和富硒中药材银条,不适宜开发富硒玉米。不同农作物中硒含量与土壤硒含量和酸碱度(pH)的相关性研究表明,土壤硒含量是农作物中硒含量的决定因素,其次是土壤酸碱度。为促进研究区开发富硒农产品,可以通过施硒肥改善农作物硒含量水平,低硒背景土壤种植的农作物特别是水果适合施加硒肥,高硒背景土壤种植的谷子不适合施加硒肥。

BACKGROUND:The analysis of selenium enrichment characteristics in various crops planted in a certain area and investigation and evaluation of selenium content in selenium fertilizer crops can provide a basis for the development of selenium-enriched characteristic agriculture.It is important to find out the influencing factors of selenium content in different crops for developing selenium-enriched agricultural products.OBJECTIVES:To understand the distribution and enrichment characteristics of Se in soil and crops in Luoyang City.METHODS:The selenium resources detailed investigation project area and other agricultural planting areas in Luoyang City,Henan Province were chosen as the research object.The selenium content of 22 kinds of crops and their root soil were measured by ICP-MS,and the selenium enrichment characteristics of different crops were studied.RESULTS:The average value of soil selenium in the study area was close to the standard of selenium-enriched soil in Henan Province.The selenium-enriched sites in acidic soil,neutral soil,alkaline soil,and overall soil accounted for 28.61%,43.72%,41.99%,and 40.56%,respectively.According to the evaluation of selenium enrichment coefficient of various crops,the study area was suitable for the development of selenium-enriched beans,oil-bearing crops,wheat,millet,sweet potato and other characteristic crops and selenium-enriched traditional Chinese medicine Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth,but not suitable for the development of selenium-enriched corn.The correlation of selenium content in different crops with soil selenium content and pH showed that soil selenium content was the decisive factor of selenium content in crops,followed by soil pH.CONCLUSIONS:In order to promote the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products in the study area,selenium fertilizer can be applied to improve the selenium content of crops.Crops planted in low selenium background soil,especially fruits,are suitable for applying selenium fertilizer,while millet planted in high selenium background soil is not suitable for applying selenium fertilizer.