黄河流域湿地类型国家级自然保护区景观格局变化及发展强度分析

An Analysis of Landscape Pattern Changes and Development Intensity of National Nature Reserves of Wetlands in the Yellow River Basin

湿地类型的国家级自然保护区是保护黄河流域湿地资源的关键区域,掌握其景观格局和发展强度变化情况,有助于了解黄河流域的保护与发展现状并制定保护管理对策。本研究基于2000年、2010年和2020年的GlobeLand 30全球地表覆盖数据,采用景观转移矩阵、景观转类指数(IT)和景观发展强度指数(LDI)对7个黄河流域湿地类型国家级自然保护区的景观格局与景观发展强度变化进行了分析。结果表明:近20年该区域景观格局相对稳定,景观转出主要发生在草地和裸地中,景观转入主要发生在裸地、湿地和水体中,草地面积有较明显减少,湿地和水体保护与恢复成效明显,面积有显著增加;研究区域的景观发展强度保持在较低水平,所受干扰主要由农业活动主导,需提高对该区域中耕地扩张和草地退化的关注;景观格局变化及发展强度分析可快速完成湿地状况评估,反映研究区域的人为干扰程度和保护成效,但针对该区域的生态级别赋值和LDI系数有待进一步研究,判断湿地的健康状况时,建议结合实地调查并纳入更多的水环境指数和生态变量。

The national nature reserves of wetlands are the key areas for the protection of wetland resources in the Yellow River basin.Information on the dynamics of landscape pattern and development intensity will help to understand the current situation of protection and development and formulate protection strategies.Based on the GlobeLand 30 data of global land cover of 2000,2010 and 2020,this study analyzed the dynamics of landscape pattern and landscape development intensity of 7 national nature reserves of wetlands in the Yellow River basin,using the methods of landscape transfer matrix,landscape conversion index(IT)and landscape development intensity index(LDI).The results showed that the landscape pattern was relatively stable in the last 20 years,and landscape transfer-out mainly occurred in grassland and bare land,landscape transfer-in mainly in bare land,wetland,and water body.The grassland decreased significantly,while the wetland and water body increased obviously,their protection and restoration are effective.The intensity of landscape development remains at a low level,and the disturbance was mainly dominated by agricultural activities,therefore,more attention should be paid to cultivated land expansion and grassland degradation in this region.Analyses of the landscape pattern and the development intensity can quickly complete the assessment of wetland status,reflecting the degree of human disturbance and protection effect of study area.However,the ecological grade assignment and LDI coefficient of this region need to be further studied,and when judging the health status of the wetland,it is suggested combine with field survey and include more water environment indexes and ecological variables.