河南沙颍河北部流域浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

Assessment of Community Structure of Zooplankton and Water Quality in the Northern Basin of the Shaying River,Henan

为探讨浮游动物群落结构的季节性变化及环境因子对浮游动物群落结构的影响,2019年平水期(5月)、丰水期(9月)和枯水期(12月)对沙颍河北部流域浮游动物群落结构及水体理化指标进行调查。结果表明:该流域发现浮游动物115种,轮虫50种,原生动物28种,枝角类19种和桡足类18种。优势种共9种,以轮虫为主。浮游动物平均密度为2601.91±576.60 ind./L,平均生物量为2.29±0.62 mg/L,平水期和丰水期轮虫占比最高,枯水期以原生动物为主。沙颍河北部流域Shannon-Wiener(H')、Margalef(D)和Pielou(J)多样性指数平均值分别为1.16、1.37和0.36,根据生物多样性指数评价平水期和丰水期水质为β-中污染,枯水期水质较差,为α-中污染。典范对应分析表明水温(WT)、水体酸碱度(pH值)、溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(ORP)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)是影响浮游动物分布的关键环境因子,沙颍河北部流域水质还需进一步治理和改善。

In order to explore the seasonal structural changes of zooplankton community and the impact of environmental factors,the structure of zooplankton community and water quality in the northern basin of the Shaying River were investigated in the level season(March),wet season(September)and dry season(December)in 2019.This study discovered that 115 zooplankton species,including 50 Rotifers,28 Protozoa,19 Cladocera and 18 Copepods.There were 9 dominant species and Rotifera accounted for the highest proportion.The average zooplankton density was 2601.91±576.60 ind./L and average biomass was 2.29±0.62 mg/L,the density and biomass were determined by Rotifers in both level and wet seasons,while Protozoa were main species in the dry season.The averages of Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Margalef index(D)and Pielou index(J)were 1.16,1.37 and 0.36,respectively.A variety of Zooplankton biological indicators showed that in the level season and the wet season water quality was in theβ-pollution,and the dry season was in theα-pollution.CCA analysis showed that WT,DO,pH,ORP,COD and NH4+-N were the key environmental factors affecting the community structure of Zooplankton.The water quality of the northern basin of the Shaying River needs further treatment and improvement.