海洋中碱性磷酸酶及其活性的研究进展

Research Progress of Alkaline Phosphatase and Its Activity in the Ocean

为加深对海洋生物地球化学循环过程和海洋生态系统功能的认知,并为相关研究提供科学依据,文章综述海洋中碱性磷酸酶及其活性的研究进展,并提出展望。研究结果表明:碱性磷酸酶主要来源于浮游植物、浮游动物和细菌,通常根据滤膜孔径等进行分类,对于海洋碳、氮、磷循环和调节生物群落组成具有重要意义;碱性磷酸酶活性通常采用水解荧光模拟底物法定量研究,并在全球海洋范围具有一定的水平、垂直和季节分布特征,影响碱性磷酸酶活性的典型环境因子包括太阳辐射、海水温度、河流输入、上升流、溶解态有机磷、溶解态无机磷、溶解态无机氮、金属离子以及病毒裂解、浮游动物捕食和排遗作用等。

This paper reviewed the research progress and prospects of alkaline phosphatase and its activity in the ocean, aiming to better understand marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions and provide a scientific basis for related research topics. Alkaline phosphatase, mainly produced by phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria and identified according to the pore size of filters, was of great significance for regulating marine carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and biological community compositions. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity, generally quantified by hydrolyzing fluorogenic model substrates, had specific horizontal, vertical and seasonal distribution characteristics in the global ocean. Some typical environmental factors were found to be capable of affecting alkaline phosphatase activity, including solar radiation, sea temperature, river input, upwelling, dissolved organic phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, metal ions and virus lysis, zooplankton predation and excretion.