碳中和背景下上海市浅层地热能开发效益分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation on the benefit of shallow geothermal energy development in Shanghai under the background of carbon neutral

在加快实现碳中和目标的背景下,用可再生能源替代传统能源是实现节能减碳的有效途径,而浅层地热能作为一种新型绿色能源,适合在各种建筑类型中进行推广应用。根据地质调查和城市建设用地规划,计算上海地区地源热泵可利用换热功率,以此对浅层地热能资源的潜力进行评价;根据建筑供暖和制冷负荷分析浅层地热能开发的经济和环境效益,并结合上海市碳排放现状估算对减碳目标的贡献度。研究结果表明:上海地区夏季制冷和冬季供暖的区域换热总功率分别为1.39×10~8 kW和1.42×10~8 kW,平均资源潜力分别为30.0026×10~4 m^(2)/km^(2)和88.8679×10~4 m^(2)/km^(2),可实现建筑制冷和供暖面积分别为9.4745×10~8 m^(2)和28.0636×10~8 m^(2);相比常规空调和锅炉系统,地源热泵夏季制冷和冬季供暖的节能量分别为2.40 kW·h/m^(2)和8.71 kW·h/m^(2),折合标准煤分别为0.78 kg/m^(2)和2.85 kg/m^(2)。当开采强度为100%时,每年可节约能源约合1018.7万吨标准煤,可实现CO、SO和粉尘减排量分别为2516.2、20.4和10.2万吨,节能减排效果显著;当地热能占可再生能源在建筑中使用比例为40%时,到2025年累计可实现CO减排量79.7万吨,其减碳目标贡献度为15.9%,对实现碳达峰与碳中和目标效益显著。

In the context of achieving carbon neutral,replacing traditional energy with renewable energy is an effective way to achieve energy saving and carbon reduction,while shallow geothermal energy is suitable for promotion and application in various building types as a new type of green energy.Based on geological surveys and urban construction land planning,the available heat transfer power of GSHP in Shanghai is calculated to evaluate the potential of shallow geothermal energy resources;the economic and environmental benefits of shallow geothermal energy development are analyzed based on building heating and cooling loads,and the contribution to the carbon reduction target is estimated in the context of the current carbon emission situation in Shanghai.The research results show that the total regional heat exchange power for summer cooling and winter heating in Shanghai is 1.39×10~8 kW and 1.42×10~8 kW respectively,with an average resource potential of 30.0026×10~4 m^(2)/km^(2) and 88.8679×10~4 m^(2)/km^(2) respectively,and the achievable building cooling and heating areas are 9.4745×10~8 m^(2) and 28.0636×10~8 m^(2) respectively.Compared with conventional air conditioning and boiler systems,the energy savings of GSHP for summer cooling and winter heating are 2.40 kW·h/m^(2) and 8.71 kW·h/m^(2),which are equivalent to 0.78 kg/m^(2) and 2.85 kg/m^(2) of standard coal,respectively,and when the mining intensity is 100%,the annual energy savings are about 10187 thousand tons of standard coal,and the CO,SOand dust emission reductions can be reduced by 25162,204 and 102 thousand tons,respectively,which means the energy saving and emission reduction effect is significant.When the ratio of thermal energy to renewable energy using in buildings is 40%,the cumulative COemission reduction can be achieved 797 thousand tons by 2025,which contributes 15.9% to the carbon reduction target and has a significant benefit to achieving the carbon emission peak and carbon neutral target.