基于模板导向的共价卟啉笼和纳米环的合成与应用

Template-directed synthesis of covalent porphyrin cages and nanorings and their applications

模板导向策略是构建复杂有序结构的高效方法,极大地促进了共价多卟啉笼和纳米环的合成.金属卟啉前体借助其中心金属与所选择的模板之间的配位作用形成预组织结构,然后通过共价键连接各组分以构筑卟啉笼或纳米环结构.虽然无模板作用下也能够构建得到共价卟啉笼或纳米环,但模板导向法明显更具优势,特别是在较大尺寸的多卟啉纳米环的合成中体现了其高效性.本文综述了近年来具有不同拓扑结构的共价卟啉笼和纳米环的合成及其在主客体化学、人工光合作用、仿生催化、纳米药物等方面的应用,并展望了其未来发展前景.

Template-oriented strategy is proven highly effective in constructing complex and orderly structures,which has greatly facilitated the synthesis of complicated porphyrin cages and nanorings.In a typical template method,the metalloporphyrin precursors firstly form pre-organized self-assemblies by means of the coordination interactions between metalloporphyrins and the selected template,and the components are then connected through chemical reactions to provide the final covalent porphyrin cages or nanorings.Although covalent porphyrin cages or nanorings can also be prepared without the use of templates,the template-directed method is obviously more advantageous,especially in the synthesis of highly complicated multi-porphyrin nanorings.In this review,the template-directed synthesis of covalent porphyrin cages and nanorings in recent years and their applications in host-guest chemistry,artificial photosynthesis,biomimetic catalysis and nanomedicine are summarized.Finally,the future prospects are envisaged.