有机废料合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展

Research progress of polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) synthesis using various organic waste streams

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)作为一种生态塑料,具有优异的生物相容性与降解性,成为传统塑料重要的替代品,但PHA的高额生产成本仍是阻碍其在产业化推广应用的一大难题。为降低成本,研究的重点放在基于混合微生物培养,利用各种废料进行PHA的生产。在说明PHA特征与结构的基础上,概述了利用剩余活性污泥、废弃油脂、甘油、糖蜜、木质纤维素合成PHA的研究成果,分析了其作为碳源的优势与不足,阐述了相关机理。讨论了PHA提纯的化学和生物方法,并对两种提纯方式在环境影响、药剂投加量和成本方面进行了比较。对PHA的研究方向进行了展望,建议往后的研究致力于提高废料利用率并针对PHA特定应用优化提纯方式,指出未来需要发展更加节约成本的混合菌合成PHA工艺。

Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA),as an ecological plastic with excellent biocompatibility and degradability, have become an important alternative to traditional plastics, but the high production cost of PHAs is still a major challenge that hinders their application in industrial scale.To reduce the cost, research has focused on the production of PHA based on mixed microbial culture using various waste materials.Based on the description of PHA characteristics and structure, the research results of PHA synthesis using waste activated sludge, waste grease, glycerol, molasses, and lignocellulose, analyzes its advantages and shortcomings as a carbon source, and describes the related mechanisms.The chemical and biological methods of PHA purification were also discussed, and the two purification methods were compared in terms of environmental impact, agent dosage and cost.The research direction of PHA is proposed to improve the waste utilization and optimize the purification methods for specific PHA applications, and the need to develop more cost-efficient hybrid bacterial PHA synthesis processes in the future.