蒲鲁东在马克思思想形成中的不同理论面相——马克思从政治哲学走向政治经济学的理论意义探析

Proudhon’s Different Theoretical Faces in the Formation of Marx’s Thought——The Theoretical Significance of Marx’s Transition from Political Philosophy to Political Economy

马克思青年时期就投身于对现实政治的批判并倾注于对政治哲学的探究,但马克思思想的成熟则是伴随着他对古典政治经济学的批判而不断深入的。虽然马克思的政治哲学的规划即人的解放是他的恒久的思想主题,但在马克思看来,要解决政治哲学中的问题,还必须将之建立在坚实的科学的基础之上,必须对资本主义的生产方式和社会结构进行严肃的分析。从《神圣家族》到《哲学的贫困》,马克思都将蒲鲁东的思想作为考察对象,但他对蒲鲁东思想的态度则是从辩护走向了批驳,这深刻反映了他从对政治哲学的关注走向对政治经济学的研究的必然性。

Marx devoted himself to the criticism of political actuality in his youth,and the research of political philosophy,however,the maturity of Marx’s thought was accompanied by his criticism of classical political economy.Although the plan of Marx’s political philosophy,namely the liberation of human,is his constant theme,but in Marx’s view,in order to solve the problems of political philosophy,it is necessary to establish it on a solid scientific basis and to carry out a serious analysis of the capitalist mode of production and social structure.From The Holy Family to The Poverty of Philosophy,Marx took Proudhon’s thought as the object of investigation,but his attitude towards Proudhon is from defense to refutation,which profoundly reflects the inevitability of his concern from political philosophy to political economics.