我国家园合作中的幼儿家长角色变迁与展望——基于1949-2022年学前教育政策文本的分析

The Change and Prospect of the Role of Parents in Family-kindergarten Cooperation in China——The Analysis of Preschool Education Policy Texts from Year 1949 to 2022

新中国成立70多年来,我国家园合作中的幼儿家长角色伴随着幼儿园与家庭关系的不断调整,历经福利享受者(1949-1977年)、初级教育者(1978-1987年)、重要参与者(1988-1999年)与合作伙伴(2000-至今)四个阶段,其逻辑演进遵循着家长身份从局外人走向合作者,参与程度从配合教师走向协同共育,话语权从“失语”状态走向平等协商的三重转向,现已成为促进学前教育事业发展的重要力量。未来学前教育政策需要进一步强化家长在家园合作中的主体地位,明确家长在家园合作中的责任边界,健全家长参与家园合作的保障体系。

In the 70 years since the founding of the New China,with the constant adjustment of the familykindergarten relationship,the role of parents of young children in family-kindergarten cooperation in China has been constantly adjusted and has experienced four stages:welfare takers(1949-1977),primary educators(1978-1987),key players(1988-1999) and partners(2000-present).Its logical evolution follows the threefold turn of parents’ role from outsiders to partners,participation degree from co-ordination with teachers to co-education of family and kindergarten,discourse power from“aphasia”to equal negotiation,and has become the main force of preschool education.Future pre-primary education policy needs to further strengthen the principal position of parents in family-kindergarten cooperation,clarify the responsibility boundary of parents in family-kindergarten cooperation,and improve the guarantee system for parents to participate in the cooperation.