学前儿童家庭教养投入类型与母亲守门行为的关系

The Relationship Between Parental Involvement Type and Maternal Gatekeeping Behavior in Preschool Children Families

以家庭为单位,选取537对3-6岁儿童父母为研究对象,对父母的教养投入及母亲的守门行为进行调查。首先采用潜在剖面分析探索家庭教养投入类型,以母亲教养投入为参照,将家庭教养投入划分为追赶型、掉队型、同步型和反超型四类,在分析四类家庭教养投入特征的基础上,进一步探索其与母亲守门行为的关系。研究发现:家庭教养投入总体水平较好,四种类型的分布由高到低依次是同步型、追赶型、掉队型和反超型;在对家庭教养投入类型的影响上,母亲的鼓励行为发挥着重要但非决定性作用,而母亲的贬损行为可能是父亲掉队的主要原因;追赶型家庭中母亲鼓励得分最高,控制和贬损得分最低;掉队型家庭中母亲控制和贬损得分最高,鼓励得分也相对较高;同步型和反超型家庭中,母亲守门行为各维度得分均较低。

This study takes families as research units,and 537 parents of children aged 3-6 were selected as the research subjects to investigate the parenting involvement and the mother’s gatekeeping behavior.The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA)was used to explore the types of parenting involvement.Taking mother involvement as the reference,this study divided parenting involvement into four types:catch-up type,drop-out type,synchronous type,and surpassing type.Further exploration was conducted for the relationship between the characteristics of the four types and maternal gatekeeping behavior.Results showed that the overall level of parental involvement was relatively high,and the frequencies of the four types from high to low were synchronous-typed,catch-up-typed,drop-out-typed and counter-overtaking-typed.In terms of the impact on the type of parental involvement,mother’s encouraging behavior played an important but not decisive role,while mother’s discouraging behavior may be the main reason for father’s falling behind.In catch-up-typed families,mother’s encouragement score was highest,and control and derogation scores were lowest;in drop-out-typed families,control and derogation scores were highest,and encouragement score was relatively high.;in both synchronous and counterovertaking-typed families,the scores of all dimensions of mother’s gatekeeping behavior were lower.