基于激光清洗技术的船舶绿色清洗方法研究

Research on Ship Green Cleaning Method Based on Laser Cleaning Technology

针对船舱内各种复杂空间的作业环境需求,利用激光清洗技术对船用钢材EH36表面的漆层、锈蚀、油污开展工艺试验研究。首先研究激光功率、重复频率、脉冲宽度工艺参数组合对表面形貌的影响,揭示不同参数对表面剥离程度与粗糙度的影响,同时需要避免产生表面裂纹。其次,设计单因素试验获得漆、锈、油污的最佳清洗工艺窗口,漆、油污可以通过一次激光扫描除去,锈蚀需要清洗两次。通过对比清洗前后的基材表面元素含量分布以及微观形貌变化,结果表明,激光清洗后表面污染物有关的元素C、N、O均大幅降低,锈蚀、油污能够被完全去除,而漆层存在少量细小片状残留。最后对清洗后的基材进行了力学性能测试,发现表层硬度有所提升,除锈样提升约20HV,除油样提升约3HV,除漆样提升约13HV;激光清洗对基材的抗拉、弯曲性能没有明显影响。因此,船用钢的激光清洗过程是可靠且无损的。

In response to the requirements of the working environment in various complex spaces in the cabin,laser cleaning technology is used to carry out process test research on the paint,rust and oil pollution on the surface of marine steel EH36.First,the effects of the combination of laser power,repetition frequency,and pulse width process parameters on the surface morphology are studied,and the effects of different parameters on the degree of surface peeling and roughness are revealed.At the same time,it is necessary to avoid surface cracks.A single factor test is designed to obtain the best cleaning process window for paint,rust and oil stains.Paint and oil stains can be removed by a laser scan,and rust needs to be cleaned twice.By comparing the surface element content distribution and microscopic morphology changes of the substrate before and after cleaning,results show that the elements C,N,and O related to surface contaminants after laser cleaning are greatly reduced,rust and oil stains can be completely removed,and the paint layer exists A small amount of small flakes remain.Finally,the mechanical properties of the cleaned substrate were tested,and it was found that the hardness of the surface layer was improved.The rust removal sample increased by about 20HV,the oil removal sample increased by about 3HV,and the paint removal sample increased by about 13HV.The tensile and bending properties of the material have no obvious influence.Therefore,the laser cleaning process of marine steel is reliable and non-destructive.