细胞焦亡与肿瘤的发生发展及抗肿瘤免疫

Research progress of pyroptosis in tumor development and anti-tumor immunity

细胞焦亡是一种不同于细胞凋亡和坏死性凋亡的促炎性细胞程序性死亡方式,其主要特征为炎症小体和含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶家族的活化及裂解削皮素家族成员,从而使细胞膜出现孔洞释放炎性细胞因子,并发生一系列炎症反应。细胞焦亡对肿瘤存在双重作用:一方面,细胞焦亡可以抑制肿瘤生长;另一方面,过度激活的细胞焦亡引发的一系列炎症反应增加肿瘤的发生风险。细胞焦亡能够激活抗肿瘤免疫反应,在免疫活性低或对其他免疫疗法无反应的肿瘤患者中诱导细胞焦亡,对肿瘤治疗具有一定的应用前景。

Pyroptosis,a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death,is different from apoptosis and necroptosis,which is characterized by the activation of inflammasome and caspase family members and the cleavage of gasdermin family members,resulting in pores in the cell membrane accompanied by the release of inflammatory cytokines and a series of inflammatory reactions.Pyroptosis has a dual effect on tumors:on one hand,pyroptosis can inhibit tumor growth;on the other hand,a series of inflammatory responses triggered by excessively activated pyroptosis increase the risk of tumorigenesis.Pyroptosis can activate anti-tumor immune responses and induce pyroptosis in patients with low immune activity or no response to other immunotherapies,which has certain application prospects for tumor therapy.